广州体育学院学报
廣州體育學院學報
엄주체육학원학보
Journal of Guangzhou Physical Education Institute
2015年
2期
62~65
,共null页
奥运会 400m跑 绝对速度 速度耐力 发展周期
奧運會 400m跑 絕對速度 速度耐力 髮展週期
오운회 400m포 절대속도 속도내력 발전주기
the Olympic Games; men＇s 400m sprint; absolute speed; speed endurance; development cycle
以历届奥运会400m跑前3名的成绩为研究对象,将奥运会男子400m跑整个发展历程分成4个不同的历史阶段,对影响奥运会男子400m跑的绝对速度能力、速度耐力能力两个重要因素进入深入分析,研究结果表明：在奥运会的整个发展历程中,男子400m跑成绩整体呈上升的发展趋势,经历了快、慢、快、慢4个发展周期,下一个将是快速上升发展周期;绝对速度能力整体呈上升的发展趋势,与男子400m跑成绩的发展周期基本相同,速度耐力能力整体呈缓慢上升的发展趋势,与男子400m跑成绩、绝对速度能力的发展周期不同步;绝对速度能力是奥运会男子400m跑的整个发展历程中的主导因素,并影响着前3个阶段的发展趋势,而在1988-2012阶段中,速度耐力能力转变成了主导因素;男子400m跑将进入以速度耐力能力为核心的发展周期,应强调发展运动员的速度耐力能力。
以歷屆奧運會400m跑前3名的成績為研究對象,將奧運會男子400m跑整箇髮展歷程分成4箇不同的歷史階段,對影響奧運會男子400m跑的絕對速度能力、速度耐力能力兩箇重要因素進入深入分析,研究結果錶明：在奧運會的整箇髮展歷程中,男子400m跑成績整體呈上升的髮展趨勢,經歷瞭快、慢、快、慢4箇髮展週期,下一箇將是快速上升髮展週期;絕對速度能力整體呈上升的髮展趨勢,與男子400m跑成績的髮展週期基本相同,速度耐力能力整體呈緩慢上升的髮展趨勢,與男子400m跑成績、絕對速度能力的髮展週期不同步;絕對速度能力是奧運會男子400m跑的整箇髮展歷程中的主導因素,併影響著前3箇階段的髮展趨勢,而在1988-2012階段中,速度耐力能力轉變成瞭主導因素;男子400m跑將進入以速度耐力能力為覈心的髮展週期,應彊調髮展運動員的速度耐力能力。
이력계오운회400m포전3명적성적위연구대상,장오운회남자400m포정개발전역정분성4개불동적역사계단,대영향오운회남자400m포적절대속도능력、속도내력능력량개중요인소진입심입분석,연구결과표명：재오운회적정개발전역정중,남자400m포성적정체정상승적발전추세,경력료쾌、만、쾌、만4개발전주기,하일개장시쾌속상승발전주기;절대속도능력정체정상승적발전추세,여남자400m포성적적발전주기기본상동,속도내력능력정체정완만상승적발전추세,여남자400m포성적、절대속도능력적발전주기불동보;절대속도능력시오운회남자400m포적정개발전역정중적주도인소,병영향착전3개계단적발전추세,이재1988-2012계단중,속도내력능력전변성료주도인소;남자400m포장진입이속도내력능력위핵심적발전주기,응강조발전운동원적속도내력능력。
Based on a research on the three athletes ranking as the top three in the men＇s 400 m sprint in the previous Olympic Games,the whole development process of men＇s 400 m sprint is separated into four different historical periods to make a deep analysis on two key factors i. e. absolute speed and speed endurance which influence the competition performance in the men＇s400m sprint. The result of the study shows that the general competition results develop in a rising tendency,having experienced four stages including stages of high- speed development,low- speed development,followed by another round of high-speed development and low- speed development. And the next stage will be a period of rising with high speed. The absolute speed will develop in a rising tendency generally which is of similar development cycle with the competition results in the men＇s 400 m sprint. However,the speed endurance will rise in a comparatively slow tendency and develop in a different cycle. Absolute speed is the leading factor for the development of men＇s 400 m sprint in the Olympic Games and it has a great influence on the development tendency of the first three periods. Yet in the period of 1988 to 2008,speed endurance has changed into the leading factor. As men＇s 400 m sprint will develop in to a new cycle which is focused on speed endurance,more emphasis should be paid on the training of athletes＇ speed endurance.
