学术月刊
學術月刊
학술월간
Academic Monthly
2015年
4期
141~153
,共null页
明清之际 儒医 医宗
明清之際 儒醫 醫宗
명청지제 유의 의종
during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Confucian physician, Yizong
医学典籍在17、18世纪的历史中如何复制、阅读、重授是近年学界所关注的重要议题。宋元以来,儒医作为医者主流,更加注重通过医学知识的文本建构来归纳学术、彰显医名甚至开宗立派。但在医派繁荣的同时,门户之见也愈发严重,以此造成医理混乱、医道不明。明代儒医基于集成学术及职业应用之需,开始编纂以“医宗”为名的医学典籍。“医宗”即医道之宗,是儒医比附儒学传统所编的医学典籍,目的是鼎定医学正典和道统,使习医、行医有所宗。医宗典籍体现出两个倾向,一是探究经典,二是由博返约。既对中医之基础脉象经络、病因病机学说予以总结,亦通过医案对临床诊断应用知识加以阐释。其知识建构跨越门户之见,有助形成学科化的学术体系,也借由医籍文本的刊刻传播,使医学正典化与大众化相互融会。至清乾隆时期,朝廷以国家力量参与《御制医宗金鉴》的编纂,更包含着融合百家、超越门户以确立知识一统的政治隐喻。
醫學典籍在17、18世紀的歷史中如何複製、閱讀、重授是近年學界所關註的重要議題。宋元以來,儒醫作為醫者主流,更加註重通過醫學知識的文本建構來歸納學術、彰顯醫名甚至開宗立派。但在醫派繁榮的同時,門戶之見也愈髮嚴重,以此造成醫理混亂、醫道不明。明代儒醫基于集成學術及職業應用之需,開始編纂以“醫宗”為名的醫學典籍。“醫宗”即醫道之宗,是儒醫比附儒學傳統所編的醫學典籍,目的是鼎定醫學正典和道統,使習醫、行醫有所宗。醫宗典籍體現齣兩箇傾嚮,一是探究經典,二是由博返約。既對中醫之基礎脈象經絡、病因病機學說予以總結,亦通過醫案對臨床診斷應用知識加以闡釋。其知識建構跨越門戶之見,有助形成學科化的學術體繫,也藉由醫籍文本的刊刻傳播,使醫學正典化與大衆化相互融會。至清乾隆時期,朝廷以國傢力量參與《禦製醫宗金鑒》的編纂,更包含著融閤百傢、超越門戶以確立知識一統的政治隱喻。
의학전적재17、18세기적역사중여하복제、열독、중수시근년학계소관주적중요의제。송원이래,유의작위의자주류,경가주중통과의학지식적문본건구래귀납학술、창현의명심지개종립파。단재의파번영적동시,문호지견야유발엄중,이차조성의리혼란、의도불명。명대유의기우집성학술급직업응용지수,개시편찬이“의종”위명적의학전적。“의종”즉의도지종,시유의비부유학전통소편적의학전적,목적시정정의학정전화도통,사습의、행의유소종。의종전적체현출량개경향,일시탐구경전,이시유박반약。기대중의지기출맥상경락、병인병궤학설여이총결,역통과의안대림상진단응용지식가이천석。기지식건구과월문호지견,유조형성학과화적학술체계,야차유의적문본적간각전파,사의학정전화여대음화상호융회。지청건륭시기,조정이국가역량삼여《어제의종금감》적편찬,경포함착융합백가、초월문호이학립지식일통적정치은유。
This article studies how the medical classic books and textual knowledge were copied, read and taught from 17th century to 18th century. Confucian physician in the Ming Dynasty began to compile medical books in the name of ＂Yizong＂（Master of medicine, ＂医宗＂） modeled after Confucian tradition. Yizong classics summarized the basic principles and clinical diagnosis knowledge of traditional Chinese Medicine, which could correct the parochial prejudice and help to form the discipline of the academic system. Through the dissemination of medical classic books, the classic medical knowledge could be accepted by more people, not only doctors but the general public. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the emergence of official compilation of Yuzhi Yizong Jinjian （the official medicine textbook） meant a powerful metaphor that the Empire ruler hoped to establish orthodox medical knowledge system which went beyond folk academic tradition.
