CAJ | 학술논문

对公共当局在海难救助中的多种救助行为,存在判断其救助报酬请求权的三种划分原则：以职责内外进行划分的原则、以行为性质进行划分的原则以及统一法的方式。相对而言,以职责内外进行划分的原则建立在海难救助报酬＂自愿性＂要件基础之上,与现有海商法理论相符,更值得赞同。公共当局在我国法上被称为主管机关,关于主管机关的海难救助报酬请求权,我国《海商法》的规定并未从实质上解决问题,司法实践中尚未形成统一的做法,其所采取的一刀切方式,与海商法的基本理论与长久以来所形成的既定规则相悖。对此,一方面应对《海商法》的相关规定进行修改,另一方面应统一司法实践中处理此类案件的基本原则。
대공공당국재해난구조중적다충구조행위,존재판단기구조보수청구권적삼충화분원칙：이직책내외진행화분적원칙、이행위성질진행화분적원칙이급통일법적방식。상대이언,이직책내외진행화분적원칙건립재해난구조보수＂자원성＂요건기출지상,여현유해상법이론상부,경치득찬동。공공당국재아국법상피칭위주관궤관,관우주관궤관적해난구조보수청구권,아국《해상법》적규정병미종실질상해결문제,사법실천중상미형성통일적주법,기소채취적일도절방식,여해상법적기본이론여장구이래소형성적기정규칙상패。대차,일방면응대《해상법》적상관규정진행수개,령일방면응통일사법실천중처리차류안건적기본원칙。
There are three basic principles to determine public authorities＇ right of claim for salvage award according to its different operations in salvage, the duty principle, the nature of salvage operations principle and the unified method, The duty principle which is based on voluntariness of salvage and accords with current theories of maritime law and administrative law is more acceptable. Public authorities are called competent authorities in Chinese law. The relevant regulations of China＇s Maritime Law are vague on the issue of competent authorities＇right to claim for salvage award. In judicial practice, the court usually simply admits the right of competent authorities to claim for salvage award so long as the salvaged party does not clearly refuse the salvage of competent authorities. Such practice neither coincides with the regulation of Maritime Law, nor accords with the basic theories of maritime law. To improve, on the one hand, the vague regulations of Maritime Law should be amended; on the other hand, the unified principle to deal with such cases should be confirmed in judicial practice.