中国法学
中國法學
중국법학
China Legal Science
2015年
2期
248~265
,共null页
污染环境 破坏生态 环境侵权 原因行为
汙染環境 破壞生態 環境侵權 原因行為
오염배경 파배생태 배경침권 원인행위
《侵权责任法》第65条是否适用于因破坏生态造成他人损害的情形,在当前司法实践中存在困惑,在学理上存在争议。以环境科学、生态学关于＂环境＂的基本概念为出发点,＂生态环境＂并非一个科学的用语,仅可与＂生活环境＂并列用于非环境、非生态领域。而《侵权责任法》之＂准历史解释＂所谓的＂污染生态环境＂实质上指污染自然环境,对称于污染人工环境。因此,该法第65条所规定的＂因污染环境造成损害＂的致害原因行为不包括破坏生态的行为。基于污染环境和破坏生态的行为两分法,2014年修订的《环境保护法》第64条将《侵权责任法》扩大适用于因破坏生态造成损害的情形,以立法对我国环境侵权责任之原因行为的范围进行了拓展,这一新法、特别法上的立法发展具有国际先进性。
《侵權責任法》第65條是否適用于因破壞生態造成他人損害的情形,在噹前司法實踐中存在睏惑,在學理上存在爭議。以環境科學、生態學關于＂環境＂的基本概唸為齣髮點,＂生態環境＂併非一箇科學的用語,僅可與＂生活環境＂併列用于非環境、非生態領域。而《侵權責任法》之＂準歷史解釋＂所謂的＂汙染生態環境＂實質上指汙染自然環境,對稱于汙染人工環境。因此,該法第65條所規定的＂因汙染環境造成損害＂的緻害原因行為不包括破壞生態的行為。基于汙染環境和破壞生態的行為兩分法,2014年脩訂的《環境保護法》第64條將《侵權責任法》擴大適用于因破壞生態造成損害的情形,以立法對我國環境侵權責任之原因行為的範圍進行瞭拓展,這一新法、特彆法上的立法髮展具有國際先進性。
《침권책임법》제65조시부괄용우인파배생태조성타인손해적정형,재당전사법실천중존재곤혹,재학리상존재쟁의。이배경과학、생태학관우＂배경＂적기본개념위출발점,＂생태배경＂병비일개과학적용어,부가여＂생활배경＂병렬용우비배경、비생태영역。이《침권책임법》지＂준역사해석＂소위적＂오염생태배경＂실질상지오염자연배경,대칭우오염인공배경。인차,해법제65조소규정적＂인오염배경조성손해＂적치해원인행위불포괄파배생태적행위。기우오염배경화파배생태적행위량분법,2014년수정적《배경보호법》제64조장《침권책임법》확대괄용우인파배생태조성손해적정형,이입법대아국배경침권책임지원인행위적범위진행료탁전,저일신법、특별법상적입법발전구유국제선진성。
There remain some doubts in judicial practice and in academic discussion whether article 65 of Tort Liability Law of the PRC is applicable when ecological damage actions occur and cause harm to others. environmental or ecological science as the With the generic concepts of ＂ environment＂ in starting point, ＂ecological environment＂ is not a scientific usage, but rather a term paralleled with ＂living environment＂, which is used in the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field instead of the environmental or ecological field. However, in the ＂ quasi-historical＂ legislative interpretation of Tort Law, the so-called ＂pollution of ecological environment＂ actually signifies the pollution of natural environment, which is relative to artificial environment. The act of environmental pollution, by which ＂any harm is caused＂, as stipulated in article 65 of the Tort Liability Law, does not include the behavior of ecological damages. Due to the dichotomy of the type of acts between environmental pollution and ecological damages, the tort liability that one should assume when his behavior of ecological damages causes harm to others, is expanded to the application of article 65 of the Tort Liability Law, as provided in article 64 in the newly revised Environmental Protection Act in 2014. This rule expands the range of acts that lead to tort liabilities by the way of new legislation, which has reached international advanced level in environmental legislation.
