CAJ | 학술논문

本文试图从解决管理者异化的问题来重新审视当前制度背景下国企治理效率改善的问题。管理者异化是造成国企治理效率低下、导致国有企业经营绩效低下和国有资产难以保值增值的关键因素。造成国企管理者异化的直接原因是政企不分、行政干预严重和管理者身份行政化、地位等级化和管理官僚化，深层次的原因是政府、市场和企业三者之间关系错乱，限制了职业董事市场和职业经理人市场在国企治理中发挥资源配置的主导作用。要解决管理者异化问题，关键是剥离政府的国有资产经营管理职能，让其专司社会管理职能和提供公共产品与公共服务的职能；成立直接向各级人大负责的国资经营控股公司，以“管资本为主”独立行使国有资产经营管理职权，依照公司法履行出资人权利，通过股东会、董事会行使国有股权的合法权利；将政府管理的国有企业转变为国家出资的国资企业；让发挥治理核心作用的国资企业董事会通过市场化管理机制、录用考核机制来选聘、任免、考核、评价和激励、约束、淘汰职业经理人作为没有行政级别的国资企业管理者；建立职业董事市场和职业经理人市场，彻底解决管理者异化问题。
본문시도종해결관리자이화적문제래중신심시당전제도배경하국기치리효솔개선적문제。관리자이화시조성국기치리효솔저하、도치국유기업경영적효저하화국유자산난이보치증치적관건인소。조성국기관리자이화적직접원인시정기불분、행정간예엄중화관리자신빈행정화、지위등급화화관리관료화，심층차적원인시정부、시장화기업삼자지간관계착란，한제료직업동사시장화직업경리인시장재국기치리중발휘자원배치적주도작용。요해결관리자이화문제，관건시박리정부적국유자산경영관리직능，양기전사사회관리직능화제공공공산품여공공복무적직능；성립직접향각급인대부책적국자경영공고공사，이“관자본위주”독립행사국유자산경영관리직권，의조공사법리행출자인권리，통과고동회、동사회행사국유고권적합법권리；장정부관리적국유기업전변위국가출자적국자기업；양발휘치리핵심작용적국자기업동사회통과시장화관리궤제、록용고핵궤제래선빙、임면、고핵、평개화격려、약속、도태직업경리인작위몰유행정급별적국자기업관리자；건립직업동사시장화직업경리인시장，철저해결관리자이화문제。
This paper attempts to examine the improvement of the efficiency of the current state-owned enterprise governance system under the background of the problem from the dissimilation problem of the management. Managers dissimilation are caused by inefficient state-owned enterprises governance, the result of state-owned enterprises operating performance of state-owned assets to hedge against inflation and low key value-added factor. The immediate cause of the state-owned enterprise managers dissimilation is the enterprises, administrative intervention and management of serious identity of administrative, rank and the bureaucracy of management, causes the deep is the relationship between government, market and enterprise three confusion, limit the market it is difficult to play a leading role in the allocation of resources. To solve the problem of management of dissimilation, the key is the state-owned assets management functions the divestment of government, let it do the function of social management and the provision of public goods and pub- lic service functions; the establishment of the company responsible for the management of state owned holding directly to the people＇s congresses at all levels, the exercise of state owned assets management powers independently in accordance with the company law, perform the contributor＇s rights by shareholders. And the board of directors to exercise the legitimate right of state-owned equity; the board of directors through the market management mechanism of examination mechanism for selection, appointment, evaluation, evaluation and incentive, restraint and elimination of professional managers as no administrative level of state owned enterprise managers.