CAJ | 학술논문

大脑的性别差异近年来受到了广泛关注。脑成像技术的出现为脑结构和脑功能性别差异的研究开辟了新的道路。借助结构磁共振成像和弥散张量成像等脑结构信息,以及脑电图、正电子发射断层扫描技术和功能性磁共振成像等脑功能信息,当前研究主要探讨了脑灰质、脑白质和大脑的基线活动在脑局部区域、脑子系统、全脑连接组三个层次上的性别差异及其在年龄上的发展变化。此外,为了更好地理解脑性别差异,当前文章还探讨了脑性别差异研究领域的一些认识误区。有关脑性别差异的研究虽然已经取得了丰富的成果,但现有的研究结果存在很多分歧,仍然有深入挖掘的空间。未来应该加强对具有性别特异性的心理疾病脑机制的研究,关注基因和环境对脑性别差异的交互作用,并利用脑功能活动动态变化的特性、以及结合多模态的脑成像技术进一步阐明脑性别差异。
대뇌적성별차이근년래수도료엄범관주。뇌성상기술적출현위뇌결구화뇌공능성별차이적연구개벽료신적도로。차조결구자공진성상화미산장량성상등뇌결구신식,이급뇌전도、정전자발사단층소묘기술화공능성자공진성상등뇌공능신식,당전연구주요탐토료뇌회질、뇌백질화대뇌적기선활동재뇌국부구역、뇌자계통、전뇌련접조삼개층차상적성별차이급기재년령상적발전변화。차외,위료경호지리해뇌성별차이,당전문장환탐토료뇌성별차이연구영역적일사인식오구。유관뇌성별차이적연구수연이경취득료봉부적성과,단현유적연구결과존재흔다분기,잉연유심입알굴적공간。미래응해가강대구유성별특이성적심리질병뇌궤제적연구,관주기인화배경대뇌성별차이적교호작용,병이용뇌공능활동동태변화적특성、이급결합다모태적뇌성상기술진일보천명뇌성별차이。
Recently, increased emphasis has been placed on the investigation of gender differences in the human brain. Neuroimaging techniques have broken new ground in studying the effects of gender on both brain structure and function. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, current research discusses gender differences and their changes with age in gray matter and white matter within three levels： focal brain region, brain subsystem and brain network. Moreover, current study also explores gender differences and their changes with age in the baseline brain activity, within above-mentioned three levels by electroencephalogram, positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, to better understand the evidence of gender influences on the brain, it is also helpful to discuss some common misconceptions about the topic. Although much progress has been made in the field of gender differences in the brain, significant controversy remains and more work should be done in the future. On the one hand, we should increase studies of brain mechanism about gender-specific mental disorders, and focus on the interaction effects of gene and environment on gender differences in the brain. On the other hand, we should also consider the dynamic characteristics of brain functional activity and combine multimodal neuroimaging techniques to further reveal gender differences in the brain.