CAJ | 학술논문

汉语表达致使运动事件的小句中，受事NP如较重，则倾向于显现在核心动词前，这与类型学研究对核心居前语言重成分移位方向的预测相反。从共时角度看，这是两个因素合力作用的结果：一方面，汉语是话题突出型语言，受事话题化结构凸显；另一方面，汉语为SVO语，但NP的定语都在核心前，这种不和谐语序导致复杂宾语构成的述宾结构和宾语重成分后置结构处理效率偏低。选择地位凸显且处理效率高的受事话题化结构是回避上述矛盾的主要策略之一。从历时角度看，为避免不和谐语序导致的言语处理效率缺陷，汉语受事话题化结构自上古以来频率不断提高。动结式发展对此趋势的形成起作用是较晚近的事。元代汉语和蒙古语的接触仅导致汉语北方方言中此趋势更明显。
한어표체치사운동사건적소구중，수사NP여교중，칙경향우현현재핵심동사전，저여류형학연구대핵심거전어언중성분이위방향적예측상반。종공시각도간，저시량개인소합력작용적결과：일방면，한어시화제돌출형어언，수사화제화결구철현；령일방면，한어위SVO어，단NP적정어도재핵심전，저충불화해어서도치복잡빈어구성적술빈결구화빈어중성분후치결구처리효솔편저。선택지위철현차처리효솔고적수사화제화결구시회피상술모순적주요책략지일。종력시각도간，위피면불화해어서도치적언어처리효솔결함，한어수사화제화결구자상고이래빈솔불단제고。동결식발전대차추세적형성기작용시교만근적사。원대한어화몽고어적접촉부도치한어북방방언중차추세경명현。
In Modern Chinese clauses expressing causative-motion events, if the patient argument is a heavy NP, it is apt to appear before the V, which is not in accordance with the hypothesis proposed by typological studies about the moving direction of heavy NPs in SVO languages. Synchronic studies show this is motivated by two important structural features of Modern Chinese. The first one is that the patient topicalization construction is a construction of low markedness in Modern Chinese, given its topic-prominent status; the second one is that the unusual word order of Modern Chinese NPs makes patient topicalization more effective than heavy NP shift. From the diachronic perspective, the frequency of patient topicalization constructions kept raising from Archaic Chinese, with efficiency of speech processing being the most important motivation. The evolution of VR compounds affected this phenomenon only after the Yuan Dynasty; the contacts between Chinese and Mongolian in the Yuan Dynasty made the patient topicalization constructions more frequent in the northern dialects than in the southern dialects.