CAJ | 학술논문

民族自治地方社会治理的主体、内容和方式上均有着特殊性,带有明显的本土性、民族性和＂自治性＂,也离不开国家的治理。在国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景下,民族自治地方社会治理同样要处理好＂政府、市场与社会＂的关系,由＂管理＂转变为＂治理＂,在社会政策决策、社会矛盾化解、社会＂自治＂等方面实现现代化。
민족자치지방사회치리적주체、내용화방식상균유착특수성,대유명현적본토성、민족성화＂자치성＂,야리불개국가적치리。재국가치리체계화치리능력현대화적배경하,민족자치지방사회치리동양요처리호＂정부、시장여사회＂적관계,유＂관리＂전변위＂치리＂,재사회정책결책、사회모순화해、사회＂자치＂등방면실현현대화。
At the end of 2013,＂The Decision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms ＂（ hereafter ＂Decision ＂） was made by the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Cmunist Party of China Central Committee.The Central Committee raised the concept of＂social governance＂for the first time in a central government document. This＂social governance＂is different from the ancient concept of ＂rule ＂ or＂control＂in the sense of social governance. It is a kind of social governance in the sense of modern national governance which is characterized by democracy and governance by law. The ＂Decision＂put forward that ＂the Innovation of social management must focus on maintaining the fundamental interests of the masses,maximize increasing harmonious factors,enhance the vitality of social development,improve the level of social governance,promote the construction of a peaceful China,safeguard national security,ensure that people live and work in peace and contentment,and keep social stability and order. ＂The ＂Decision＂generally divides the concept of innovation of social governance system into four aspects： improve the method for social governance,activate the vitality of social organizations,innovate an efficacious system for preventing and resolving social contradiction,and perfect the public security system. Social governance concerns many aspects of social activities. It is a process in which it takes realizing and protecting the rights of the people as the principle,plays the governance role for multi- subjects（ including government, social organization, and residentsetc.）,improves social welfare,guarantees to improve the livelihood of the people,promotes social justice,and promotes the orderly and harmonious development of society. The key to the innovation of social governance is： coordinating the relationship among the government,market and society;taking the social construction as the base,safeguarding equal basic public services,focusing on building a reasonable- stable social rights- interests structure and social behavior order; realizing the organic unity of construction,service and governance,and building a reasonable social system or social institution.For ethnic autonomous areas,social governance has its own specific characteristics 1） the specific characteristics with regard to the subjects of social governance. Generally,the subjects of social governance include government（ or national organs）,social organizations and residents. The＂government＂in the subjects for social governance in ethnic autonomous regions includes not only the government and other related national organs in the sense of local ethnic autonomous institution,but also includes the central government,the upper level government and other related upper level organs. The ＂social organization＂for the subjects for social governance in the ethnic autonomous regions not only includes local grass- root organizations,industry associations and social organizations,but also includes the traditional social organizations of the ethnic groups. The ＂residents＂in the subjects of social governance in the ethnic autonomous regions include all citizens in the region. 2） the spe-cific characteristics regarding the content of social governance. Social governance in ethnic autonomous regions includes education,medical care,employment,social security,contradiction resolving and security,etc. These contents are closely related with ethnic relations and ethnic issues. 3）the specific characteristics for the method of social governance. The social governance in ethnic autonomous regions cannot be conducted without basic infrastructure,basic public services and social security provided by the state. In addition,it also cannot be conducted without the ＂autonomy ＂ of the local ethnic autonomous organs,grass- root social organizations and the masses of ethnic minorities. The social governance in ethnic autonomous regions should further emphasize their local character,ethnic character and ＂autonomy＂.The modernization of national governance is a change that is an active response to adapting to the modernization of economic and social development;is an active adjustment to the crisis of modernization based on the market; is a new positioning of the relationship between public rights and private rights; and is an inevitable requirement for building a democratic legal state. However,the development of markets and modernization in the ethnic autonomous regions lag behind relatively. Moreover,there are strong imbalances within the same region- for example,tradition and modernity coexist; ethnic characteristics and the general characteristics of the nation coexist. Social governance within the framework of the ＂Constitution＂and the＂Ethnic Region Autonomous Law＂is represented in an overall framework that combines national governance,local governance and ethnic autonomy together. With the background of this change of state governance strategy,ethnic autonomous regions are also facing a change from ＂social management＂to＂social governance＂. Basically,the following aspects should be noted： 1） insist on governance by law. Social governance should be conducted within the framework of governance by law,and be combined with the modernization of the socialist gov-ernment by law. 2） insist on democratic governance. Social governance should be conducted in a democratic atmosphere,and be combined with the modernization of socialist democratic politics. 3）insist on ethnic regional autonomy. Social governance should be conducted within the framework of the ethnic regional autonomy system,and be combined with the modernization of the ethnic regional autonomy system. 4） insist on co- governance and correctly handle the relationship among the national governance,local governance,ethnic autonomy,social autonomy and the autonomy of the masses of the social governance in ethnic autonomous region.5） insist on the classification of governance,and correctly distinguish between the governance of modern universal social problems and special social problems in ethnic autonomous areas.Although modern development in ethnic autonomous areas lags behind relatively,the relative strong replicability which resulted from the hierarchy,scale,and standardization of modernization and the state＇s overall promotion of modernization,modernization has already infiltrated into various aspects of social life. The overall social development in ethnic autonomous regions also reflects a strong modernity. The only thing is that in ethnic autonomous regions,modernity,tradition,and the ethnic nature of the social life are intertwined. It could be said that the problems concerning social governance in ethnic autonomous region are relatively complex. Seen from the background and nature of social problems,there are three types： universal social problems brought by the development of modernization; social problems specially existing in ethnic autonomous regions; and social problems intertwined with social contradictions and ethnic problems brought by the modernization. Seen from these social problems concerning social life,they include education,medical care,employment,social insurance,resolving contradictions,etc.Specifically,the relatively obvious social contradictions are reflected in the following aspects：1） some social contradictions and ethnic problemsfollowing modernization are difficult to distinguish.They are intertwined with each other,something that makes it difficult for the state and ethnic autonomous regions to take correct actions. 2） the diversity and complexity of the subjects of social governance in ethnic autonomous regions often result in ＂power conflict＂between the subjects,and create contradictions,and even ethnic conflicts,that should not happen. 3） conflicts in cultural communications and economic benefits often promote ethnic awareness,induce ethnic contradictions and influence the social security in ethnic autonomous regions. The key problems re