CAJ | 학술논문

藏族女性形象大量出现于网络,使得其从现实到网络中发生了巨大的社会角色与地位变迁。她们的角色地位确立过程得益于网络社会的崛起和网络文化的发展,得益于藏族文化的独特性,得益于藏区旅游热和＂美女热＂。她们通过中青年女性形象所代表的地方文化、明星形象获得了关于对＂藏族人＂及其文化的认同。这也使得她们从传统社会的家庭角色演变为更为广阔空间的网络社会角色,＂藏族人＂的形象代表、文化传承的角色、旅游大使的形象都使得她们超越了藏族男性在互联网中所能发挥的作用和地位。
장족녀성형상대량출현우망락,사득기종현실도망락중발생료거대적사회각색여지위변천。저문적각색지위학립과정득익우망락사회적굴기화망락문화적발전,득익우장족문화적독특성,득익우장구여유열화＂미녀열＂。저문통과중청년녀성형상소대표적지방문화、명성형상획득료관우대＂장족인＂급기문화적인동。저야사득저문종전통사회적가정각색연변위경위엄활공간적망락사회각색,＂장족인＂적형상대표、문화전승적각색、여유대사적형상도사득저문초월료장족남성재호련망중소능발휘적작용화지위。
Previous research on Tibetan women＇s identity and status are mainly concentrated in the role and function of women in the family,production,labor,work and religious affairs within Tibetan society. However,with the rise of the internet,there is still too little research on the role and status of Tibetan women in the space of virtual reality. In recent years,because of the progress made in the techniques of digital images,internet images have flourished. Influenced by the age of the image,the images of Tibetan females are largely used in news,tourism promotion and cultural performances related to Tibetan society, culture and economics etc. Through the random search of the Tibetan images on the internet, this article gives an analysis of the change of Tibetan females＇ identity and status.Historically,the role and status of the Tibetan female have experienced a change going from a low to high position. They had higher social status before the construction of the patriarchal system,but,their participation in social activities became generally lower after the Tubo dynasty established the feudal slaves system of society. After democratic reform in Tibet,women had higher status in the freedom of social communications,family economic control,the choice of marriage and sexual activity.Since stepping into the 21 st century, ＂Tibetan women have their own occupation,their goals and wishes. Their wisdom and talent have been fully realized,and they are finally noticed and acknowledged by men and the society. Tibetan women have become‘half of the sky＇in building socialist new Tibet＂（ Wang Furen,1989）. However,therapid development of the internet during the recent decade also provides a new carrier and tool for the change of the status and role of Tibetan women,and turns them away from the traditional role in the family economy and other related affairs to the identity of the internet image in cyberspace. In the real Tibetan society,the male and female ratio is almost 1： 1（ according to the Tibet statistical yearbook,2012）. However,with regard to the images of Tibetan females found among the images of Tibetans on the internet,the numbers of both young- middle- aged women and little girls are higher than the men,accounting for about twice the number of male images. The images of Tibetan women on the internet are mainly composed of Tibetan female stars and the local Tibetan woman.Tibetan stars include singers,actresses,and some social celebrities. Since stepping into the internet era,Tibetan stars have a unique advantage for spreading Tibetan culture,and Tibetan female stars are very active in cyberspace. The creation of Tibetan celebrities by the internet is a good thing- for internet users,tourists and local Tibetans.This is related to quality of their ethnic culture and their own advantages. First of all,Tibetans are a group of people who are good at singing and dancing. They win the appreciation of their own people because of their Tibetan identity and sweet voices.At the same time,they get support from those internet users who are seeking content of an ethnic nature. Hence,a group of stable and cross- ethnic fans is formed. Secondly, Tibetan songs,which express the Tibetan people＇s feeling about life and love in the high plateau,strongly expressTibetan ethnic culture,and reflect the distinctive style of the high plateau. Moreover,the female singers always go back and forth between Han and Tibetan areas; they are practitioners and representatives of the Tibetan culture; grasp two languages（ Chinese and Tibetan）; and also are familiar with Chinese cultural tradition. Hence,they are capable of playing this role in Han- Tibetan cultural exchange and fusion. Finally,and this is also the most important aspect,their role of being Tibetan cultural ambassadors is more important than men.This is because they have a beautiful,sweet appearance,dress in costumes with strong Tibetan characteristics,and have resonant and sweet singing voices. In addition,those Tibetan beauties who come from ordinary families are also sought after by those ＂hunters ＂（ on the internet）,and become internet beauty stars in the minds of internet users.The term ＂local Tibetan＂in this article refers to those Tibetan areas outside of Tibet. These areas are divided according to the linguistic dialects,culture, and administrative regions, such as Khampa,Amdo,Jiarong,and Yunnan Tibetans,etc. These local Tibetans,although their cultures are basically same as the Tibetan culture which takes Tibet as its center,due to their special geographical location,such as neighboring with the Han,Qiang or Yi,their cultures have a lot of local characteristics. Local Tibetan females have played an important role in the development of Tibetan tourism,relying on their beauty as well as their local Tibetan culture and natural landscapes. The unique integrated culture and the diverse geographical environment of local Tibetan areas create rich tourism resources. Although the tourism companies and their staff promote these tourism resources,they mainly select those beautiful images of local Tibetan beauties for their brochures. However,the tourists mainly choose more realistic images of Tibetan females.Thanks to the development of internet and techniques for photography,the main images of young and middle- aged Tibetan women on the in-ternet is either as public figures,stars,or local farmers and herdsmen. Among the images 80%are young and beautiful Tibetan women. Through a statistic analysis of the internet images of Tibetan figures,the author states that the status of Tibetan women on the internet has been established through following social roles： 1） The image of ＂Tibetan＂on the internet is dominated by females,that is,the image of females become our focus to recognize the image of the ethnic group called ＂Tibetan ＂;2） Tibetan females appear on the internet in the identity of inheritors of Tibetan traditional culture,that is,they not only perform as the inheritors of Tibetan traditional culture,but also perform as the disseminators of Tibetan culture on the internet. 3）Tibetan females play the role of tourism ambassadors.Seen from their roles in cultural inheritance and tourism economy,the status of the Tibetan females＇ image on the internet is doubtlessly higher than the males. The change of their social roles from family to internet is mainly from the following factors： 1） the unique Tibetan culture and natural environment; 2） the identity of Tibetan beauties and ethnic aesthetic; 3） the influence of tourism economy in Tibetan areas; 4） the development of internet culture and its promoting role.The process of establishing the social role and status of the image of Tibetan females on the internet is due to the rise of the network society and the development of network culture; it is also due to the uniqueness of Tibetan culture, to the wave of tourism in Tibetan areas and the ＂boom of beauties＂. Through the local culture represented by the image of young- middle- age females as well as the star effect,the identity of ＂Tibetan＂and the culture have been identified. This also helps them change their family role in traditional society to a social role in a much broaderinternet society.These representatives of ＂Tibetan ＂,the cultural inheritors,tourism ambassadors—all these make them surpass the role and status of Tibetan males on the internet.