CAJ | 학술논문

该文对场馆学习中的参观者研究之进展与挑战进行了探讨。参观者研究是对参观博物馆的人进行的研究。它是一个多学科交叉的研究领域,基本范畴包括参观者的人口统计学分析、参观者的行为与知识习得研究及以参观者为焦点的研究。参观者研究源于19世纪末发端的参观者调查,其后焦点几经转变,从对行为模式的探索到以评价为导向,最终明确以学习作为研究之焦点。目前参观者研究在方法学上面临着巨大挑战,主要表现为定性研究与定量研究之间的张力及背后更为深层的哲学观念与研究范式之间的不可调和性。为解决这一问题,既需要明晰定量之因果研究难以在参观者领域内真正扎根的原因所在,同时又需要在对复杂性的驾驭中克服定性与定量研究之间的张力,在研究取向的多元并存与竞合中确立主流的研究范式。
해문대장관학습중적삼관자연구지진전여도전진행료탐토。삼관자연구시대삼관박물관적인진행적연구。타시일개다학과교차적연구영역,기본범주포괄삼관자적인구통계학분석、삼관자적행위여지식습득연구급이삼관자위초점적연구。삼관자연구원우19세기말발단적삼관자조사,기후초점궤경전변,종대행위모식적탐색도이평개위도향,최종명학이학습작위연구지초점。목전삼관자연구재방법학상면림착거대도전,주요표현위정성연구여정량연구지간적장력급배후경위심층적철학관념여연구범식지간적불가조화성。위해결저일문제,기수요명석정량지인과연구난이재삼관자영역내진정찰근적원인소재,동시우수요재대복잡성적가어중극복정성여정량연구지간적장력,재연구취향적다원병존여경합중학립주류적연구범식。
In this article, the authors explore the progress and challenges of visitor studies in museum learning. As an interdisciplinary field, the basic categories of visitor studies include visitors＇ demographic analysis, visitors＇ behavior and knowledge acquisition research, and visitors＇ focused research. Visitor studies originated from visitor survey and its emphasis shifted from behavioral pattern to evaluation and then to learning. Now visitor studies faces a methodological challenge that there is a huge tension between the qualitive and quantitative approaches and an underlying incompatibility between philosophic concept and research domain.The response to this situation is to overcome the tension between the qualitive and quantitative approaches in harnessing the complexity rooted in the context of museum visits and establish the dominant paradigm through the competition and cooperation among diverse research approaches.