CAJ | 학술논문

儒学视野中完全意义的本体应当具有存在根据义、物质基础义、运化之能义以及价值义等四种内涵。存在根据义说明万物何以如此存在,物质基础义说明万物由何构成,运化之能义说明万物何以生生不息,价值义说明万物何以和谐、人类何以性善。在此视角下考察张载和王夫之气学视域下的本体论,可发现二者的差异和发展：张载本体论以太虚为逻辑起点,以太虚（神）—阴阳—万物等三个环节为宇宙本体的流行过程;王夫之本体论以太和为逻辑起点,以太和（健顺）—阴阳—万物等三个环节为宇宙本体的流行过程。张载的太虚本体具有显明的价值义,于物质基础义间接通过气概念来体现,但却于存在根据义语焉不详,于运化之能义虽通过神来体现,但神概念在其哲学体系中也有模糊之处,故张载本体论有得有失。而王夫之在继承张载气学的前提下通过创新性诠释,对于以上两个问题都有有效解决。所以,王夫之为气学之集大成者,乃实至名归。
유학시야중완전의의적본체응당구유존재근거의、물질기출의、운화지능의이급개치의등사충내함。존재근거의설명만물하이여차존재,물질기출의설명만물유하구성,운화지능의설명만물하이생생불식,개치의설명만물하이화해、인류하이성선。재차시각하고찰장재화왕부지기학시역하적본체론,가발현이자적차이화발전：장재본체론이태허위라집기점,이태허（신）—음양—만물등삼개배절위우주본체적류행과정;왕부지본체론이태화위라집기점,이태화（건순）—음양—만물등삼개배절위우주본체적류행과정。장재적태허본체구유현명적개치의,우물질기출의간접통과기개념래체현,단각우존재근거의어언불상,우운화지능의수통과신래체현,단신개념재기철학체계중야유모호지처,고장재본체론유득유실。이왕부지재계승장재기학적전제하통과창신성전석,대우이상량개문제도유유효해결。소이,왕부지위기학지집대성자,내실지명귀。
In the view of Confucianism, ontology should have four connotations： the meaning of existence basis, the meaning of material basis, the meaning of ability of movement, the meaning of values. The meaning of existence basis explains why the world exists as the present pattern. The meaning of material basis explains what constitutes the world. The meaning of ability of movement explains the continuous development of the world. The meaning of values explains why the world shows a state of harmony and why human is born well. From the perspective of these four connotations, we will find differences between Zhang Zai＇ s ontology and Wang Fuzhi＇ s ontology. In Zhang Zai＇ s theory, the taixu is the logic starting point and the ＂taixu yinyang-- the world＂is the changing process of the noumenon. But in Wang Fuzhi＇ s theory, the taihe is the logic starting point and the ＇2aihe yinyang the world＂is the changing process of the noumenon. In addition, the success of Zhang Zai＇ s theory is that taixu has the meaning of values and the concept of qi can reflect the meaning of material basis, but the failures of Zhang Zai＇ s theory is that he mentioned the meaning of existence basis but vaguely and the concept of shen can reflect the meaning of ability of movement but the concept of shen has unclear meaning. In terms of Wang Fuzhi＇ s theory, he developed Zhang Zai＇ s theory on the basis of inheriting it and solved two drawbacks of Zhang Zai＇ s theory. So Wang Fuzhi is a master of the school of qi.