CAJ | 학술논문

心理学研究中对于文化互动关系有三个假说：多元文化主义假说、整合假说以及接触假说。多元文化主义假说是指当个体或社群在一个更大的社会中对自己的文化认同感到自信和安全时,结果会产生更为积极的相互态度;相反,当这些认同受到威胁时,结果会产生彼此之间的敌意。整合假说是指当有关支持文化整合的策略和政策得以贯彻时,就会产生更为成功的对个体与社会更有利的心理和社会结果。接触假说是指在大多数的接触情境下,文化群体间的接触越多,他们彼此的尊重和态度就会越积极。将对加拿大以及国际上有关这三种假说的研究进行回顾,同时还将包括一些在加拿大以及其他地区所实施的支持多元文化主义政策和项目,以改善文化互动关系的研究。
심이학연구중대우문화호동관계유삼개가설：다원문화주의가설、정합가설이급접촉가설。다원문화주의가설시지당개체혹사군재일개경대적사회중대자기적문화인동감도자신화안전시,결과회산생경위적겁적상호태도;상반,당저사인동수도위협시,결과회산생피차지간적활의。정합가설시지당유관지지문화정합적책략화정책득이관철시,취회산생경위성공적대개체여사회경유리적심리화사회결과。접촉가설시지재대다수적접촉정경하,문화군체간적접촉월다,타문피차적존중화태도취회월적겁。장대가나대이급국제상유관저삼충가설적연구진행회고,동시환장포괄일사재가나대이급기타지구소실시적지지다원문화주의정책화항목,이개선문화호동관계적연구。
There are three hypotheses bearing on cultural interactions being examined in much current psychological research：the multiculturalism hypothesis,the integration hypothesis and the contact hypothesis.These hypotheses are derived in part from statements in the Canadian multiculturalism policy.The multiculturalism hypothesis is that when individuals or societies are confident in,and feel secure about their own cultural identities and their place in a larger society,they will have more positive mutual attitudes to one another;in contrast,when these identities are threatened,mutual hostility willrise.The integration hypothesis means that there will be more successful psychological and social outcomes for individuals and societies when strategies and policies that support double cultural engagement（i.e.,with both the heritage and national cultures）are pursued.The contact hypothesis refers that greater contact between cultural groups will lead to more positive mutual regard,under most circumstances of contact.This paper reviews the Canadian and international research that is relevant to all three hypotheses,and concludes that research in Canada and elsewhere supports the continuation of the Multiculturalism Policy and programmes that are intended to improve the research on cultural interactions.