CAJ | 학술논문

老年人的决策特点在多个领域各有不同,具体表现为消费领域的信息搜索数量下降,风险决策中的风险规避倾向,医疗决策中对框架效应敏感性的下降以及日常决策中存在经验优势等。总的来说,老年人在一部分决策任务中表现较差,而在另一部分决策任务中表现与年轻人无差异甚至优于年轻人。老年人的决策效度主要受到个体认知、情绪和任务特征等因素的交互影响,遵循个体-情境拟合理论。未来研究除了要继续探讨老年决策者在不同领域决策任务下的表现及影响因素,并深入解决决策质量及策略等方面争议外,还应进一步加强对被试特征、决策策略、跨文化等一系列变量及认知神经机制的研究。
노년인적결책특점재다개영역각유불동,구체표현위소비영역적신식수색수량하강,풍험결책중적풍험규피경향,의료결책중대광가효응민감성적하강이급일상결책중존재경험우세등。총적래설,노년인재일부분결책임무중표현교차,이재령일부분결책임무중표현여년경인무차이심지우우년경인。노년인적결책효도주요수도개체인지、정서화임무특정등인소적교호영향,준순개체-정경의합이론。미래연구제료요계속탐토노년결책자재불동영역결책임무하적표현급영향인소,병심입해결결책질량급책략등방면쟁의외,환응진일보가강대피시특정、결책책략、과문화등일계렬변량급인지신경궤제적연구。
Decision making in elderly people can be characterized in different areas by the following features： limitation of predecisional information search in consumer decision, risk-avoiding in risky choice situations, diminished sensitivity to the framing effect in medical decision-making, and some advantage based on richer relevant experience in everyday problem-solving. In general, for some decision-making tasks, older adults perform worse than younger adults, whereas they do better or at least as well as younger adults in some other tasks. The validity of elderly decision-making is mainly influenced by the interaction of cognitive aspects, emotional factors and task characteristics, and is in agreement with the person–context fit framework. For future studies, in addition to further clarification of the characteristics of decision makers’ performance in different areas and solving current issues about decision qualities and strategies, we should also pay more attention to the influence of variables related to individual characteristics, decision-making strategies, and cross-cultural factors. Further research on cognitive and neural mechanisms should be strengthened.