CAJ | 학술논문

三峡工程作为一项世界举世瞩目的特大水利水电工程，一直备受公众的关注和争论，其利弊之争一直没有停止。其中，关于三峡工程对生态环境与生态系统的影响也是众说纷纭，但从总体上看，目前关于三峡工程对生态环境与生态系统影响的研究主要侧重于微观的、局部的、分学科的定量研究，而宏观的政府政策层面的研究比较少，尤其是关于三峡工程对生态环境和生态系统影响的政策分析模型研究更少，几乎没有。基于此，本文通过尽可能全面地收集、整理近些年来公开发表的权威资料和数据，在考虑经济、社会、环境和生态等多种因素影响下，通过分析和计算，运用环境影响经济损益的分析方法，从三峡水库对生态环境的影响因子中，筛选出起主导作用的几个因素，从经济价值的角度解释三峡工程对生态环境与生态系统的影响：即有利的影响主要是节能减排与防洪抗旱带来的经济效益，不利的影响主要是泥沙淤积、水污染和地质灾害。并通过进一步比较分析，结合权威专家的利弊观点梳理，得出三峡工程对生态环境与生态系统的总体影响是利大于弊的客观结论。在此基础上构建了改善三峡生态环境和生态系统影响政策分析体系模型，具体构建分析了五个方面的政策模型，并对政府政策进行了分析与建议，这五个方面的政策分析模型是：健全监督管理体制的政策分析模型；联动调度协调机制的科学管理的政策分析模型；采取“蓄清排浑”的政策分析模型；转变集中管理的水污染问题政策分析模型；建立多元主体防治与保护体系的地质灾害问题的政策分析模型。
삼협공정작위일항세계거세촉목적특대수이수전공정，일직비수공음적관주화쟁론，기리폐지쟁일직몰유정지。기중，관우삼협공정대생태배경여생태계통적영향야시음설분운，단종총체상간，목전관우삼협공정대생태배경여생태계통영향적연구주요측중우미관적、국부적、분학과적정량연구，이굉관적정부정책층면적연구비교소，우기시관우삼협공정대생태배경화생태계통영향적정책분석모형연구경소，궤호몰유。기우차，본문통과진가능전면지수집、정리근사년래공개발표적권위자료화수거，재고필경제、사회、배경화생태등다충인소영향하，통과분석화계산，운용배경영향경제손익적분석방법，종삼협수고대생태배경적영향인자중，사선출기주도작용적궤개인소，종경제개치적각도해석삼협공정대생태배경여생태계통적영향：즉유리적영향주요시절능감배여방홍항한대래적경제효익，불리적영향주요시니사어적、수오염화지질재해。병통과진일보비교분석，결합권위전가적리폐관점소리，득출삼협공정대생태배경여생태계통적총체영향시리대우폐적객관결론。재차기출상구건료개선삼협생태배경화생태계통영향정책분석체계모형，구체구건분석료오개방면적정책모형，병대정부정책진행료분석여건의，저오개방면적정책분석모형시：건전감독관리체제적정책분석모형；련동조도협조궤제적과학관리적정책분석모형；채취“축청배혼”적정책분석모형；전변집중관리적수오염문제정책분석모형；건립다원주체방치여보호체계적지질재해문제적정책분석모형。
As a super large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects which has attracted worldwide attention, the Three Gorges Dam has always been under public concern and argument, and the controversy over its merits and drawbacks has never stopped. The opinions about the impact of the Three Gorges Dam on ecological environment and system are widely divergent. In general, the current researches on its impact are focused on microscopic, partial and quantitative studies on various subjects, while few researches have been done from a macroscopic level of governance and policy making, and hardly any researches are related to the analysis models of these policies. Based on this, this paper collected and summed up the materials and data that has been released in public as much as possible, took into consideration a number of different factors including social, economic, environmental and ecological influences. Then the paper analyzed and calculated with the analysis methods of the effect of environment on economic profit and loss, chose the main factors from the influences of Three Gorges Dam on the environment, and explained the impact of the Three Gorges Dam on eco-environmental system from the perspective of economic value. The results are as follows：its favorable influence is energy conservation, pollution reduction and the economic benefits from flood-control and drought-combat, while the adverse effects include sediment deposits, water pollution as well as geological disasters. Further analysis and combined with the opinions from the authoritative experts, a subjective conclusion were reached that the positive influences of the Three Gorges Dam on eco-environmental system are greater that its negative ones. A policy analysis model of improving the impact of the Three Gorges Dam on eco-environmental system was established on the basis above, which included five policy making models from different aspects, and government policies were analyzed and suggestions were given based on this five aspects. The five aspects are as follows： 1 ） Strengthening the supervision and management system;2） Constructing scientific management system of jointed dispatch and coordination;3） Adopting the strategy of“storing clear and releasing muddy”; 4 ） Transforming to water pollution of concentration management; 5 ） Establishing multi-main body defense and protection system concerning the geological disaster problems.