CAJ | 학술논문

文章使用2005—2012年全国各省份的旅游业相关数据作为样本,运用系统矩估计方法,实证分析了产业集聚对旅游业全要素生产率的影响,并探讨了产业集聚对全要素生产率的作用机理。结果表明：第一,我国旅游业的年均全要素生产率增长为8.4%,其中技术进步实现增长10.2%,但是技术效率退化了1.6%,表现在纯技术效率和规模效率的恶化。第二,旅游业产业集聚对各省旅游业的全要素生产率具有显著的正向影响,产业集聚程度较高的地区,旅游业的全要素生产率也较高。第三,旅游业产业集聚对旅游业的技术效率具有显著为正的影响,但是对旅游业的技术进步影响并不显著,产业集聚对旅游业全要素生产率的促进作用主要是通过改善旅游业技术效率实现的。第四,产业集聚能够有效促进旅游业规模效率和纯技术效率的提升,但是二者在程度上存在较大差异,其对规模效率的促进作用小于其对纯技术效率的影响。
문장사용2005—2012년전국각성빈적여유업상관수거작위양본,운용계통구고계방법,실증분석료산업집취대여유업전요소생산솔적영향,병탐토료산업집취대전요소생산솔적작용궤리。결과표명：제일,아국여유업적년균전요소생산솔증장위8.4%,기중기술진보실현증장10.2%,단시기술효솔퇴화료1.6%,표현재순기술효솔화규모효솔적악화。제이,여유업산업집취대각성여유업적전요소생산솔구유현저적정향영향,산업집취정도교고적지구,여유업적전요소생산솔야교고。제삼,여유업산업집취대여유업적기술효솔구유현저위정적영향,단시대여유업적기술진보영향병불현저,산업집취대여유업전요소생산솔적촉진작용주요시통과개선여유업기술효솔실현적。제사,산업집취능구유효촉진여유업규모효솔화순기술효솔적제승,단시이자재정도상존재교대차이,기대규모효솔적촉진작용소우기대순기술효솔적영향。
Based on a data of China＇ s 30 provinces for the period from 2005 to 2012, we conducted an empirical analysis to examine how agglomeration affects the total factor productivity （TFP） of China＇ s tourism industry using the GMM estimation method. The article is organized as follows. We first discuss the background and significance of the research. Next, we present a brief literature review covering agglomeration and TFP within the tourism industry, and the impacts of agglomeration on the TFP of other industries. The third section of the article focuses on our application of data envelopment analysis （DEA） and the Malmquist Index to measure the TFP of the tourism industry. We used the location quotient （LQ） to measure the agglomeration level of China＇ s tourism industry in different provinces. In the fourth section, we illustrate empirical models and use four different methods （the method of ordinary least squares, the fixed effect model, instrumental variables, and the system- generalized method of moments） to estimate the effects of agglomeration on the TFP of China＇ s tourism industry. Subdividing TFP into technical progress and technical efficiency, and technical efficiency into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, we analyze how agglomeration affects each of these categories using the SYS-GMM estimation method. The four main findings of our study were as follows. First, the average annual TFP growth rate of China＇ s tourism industry was 8.4%. While the annual growth rate of technological progress increased by 10.2%, the technical efficiency declined by 1.6%. This indicated a decrease in both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Second, agglomeration had a significant positive affect on the TFP of the tourism industry at the provincial level, with a higher degree of agglomeration corresponding to an increase in TFP. Third, agglomeration had a significant positive impact on tourism＇ s technical efficiency, but its role was insignificant in relation to tourism＇ s technological progress. The mechanism whereby agglomeration influenced TFP was mainly by improving technical efficiency rather than technical progress. Fourth, while agglomeration was found to improve both scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency, the difference between them was considerable. Agglomeration was found to have a stronger impact on pure technical efficiency than on scale efficiency. In the last section, we present our conclusions and discuss the limitations of our study and future research directions.