CAJ | 학술논문

随着自然灾害的频发以及社会经济的急速转型,恢复力逐渐成为推动社会经济系统可持续发展的新理念和新范式。社区恢复力开始成为理解社区应对环境和社会变化的重要理论框架。旅游业是旅游目的地社区的重要经济来源,是提升社区生计的重要方式,深入理解旅游社区恢复力已成为旅游研究的重要方向。作为旅游研究的前沿领域,旅游社区恢复力研究发展迅速,取得了一些富有成效的研究成果。文章对涉及旅游社区恢复力研究的国内外研究文献,从研究缘起、理论框架、影响因素、测度方法、恢复力思维下的旅游影响研究以及管理体制角度进行了综述。在此基础上,文章提出该领域未来研究需要关注的重要方向,期望能够为国内旅游社区恢复力研究提供有益的参考。
수착자연재해적빈발이급사회경제적급속전형,회복력축점성위추동사회경제계통가지속발전적신이념화신범식。사구회복력개시성위리해사구응대배경화사회변화적중요이론광가。여유업시여유목적지사구적중요경제래원,시제승사구생계적중요방식,심입리해여유사구회복력이성위여유연구적중요방향。작위여유연구적전연영역,여유사구회복력연구발전신속,취득료일사부유성효적연구성과。문장대섭급여유사구회복력연구적국내외연구문헌,종연구연기、이론광가、영향인소、측도방법、회복력사유하적여유영향연구이급관리체제각도진행료종술。재차기출상,문장제출해영역미래연구수요관주적중요방향,기망능구위국내여유사구회복력연구제공유익적삼고。
Given the seeming inevitability of social and environmental change, there is renewed interest, from science and policy perspectives, in the ability of both society in general and the community in particular to cope with and to positively adapt to crises and change. Resilience theory has emerged in recent years as a new sustainable development paradigm to provide new perspectives on community development in, and socioeconomic system adjustments to, a rapidly changing world. Generally, the tourism industry is a major contributor to a county＇ s economy. It is also well recognized as an important driver for improving the livelihoods of the local residents in many communities. Therefore, in recognition of tourism＇ s importance as an industry and because of the foreseeable global changes, tourism community resilience has become an important research field. In view of the significance of tourism community resilience to the sustainable development of a tourism destination, this study aims to explore the origin, the progress and the prospects of tourism community resilience studies. The paper systematically reviews developments in community resilience theory to date in tourism-related studies from both domestic and foreign authors. The term ＇ resilience＇ first entered academia through the field of ecology. It was originally used to describe the behavior of an ecosystem in response to disturbances in its external environments. Subsequent to its first use, resilience research has gone through three distinctive paradigms; these started with ＇ecological resilience＇ and then moved to research based on ＇social-ecological resilience＇ The most recent research focus is on the resilience of human systems and communities, referred to as ＇social and community resilience＇. Community resilience is the ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances, while maintaining their functional characteristics and their defined identity. Globally, a number of theoretical models and frameworks have been developed to analyze and assess tourism community resilience. These include the destination sustainability framework, the tourism disaster vulnerability framework, the sphere of tourism resilience, the regional tourism adaptation framework and the scale, change and resilience model. To date, the literature has suggested that there is a wide array of factors that are potentially relevant to tourism community resilience, including： place attachment, social cohesion and sense of community, lifestyle values, occupational identity, social capital and tourism enterprise characteristics. Two methods have been developed to measure tourism community resilience： tourism community resilience objective indicators and tourism community resilience perceived scales. In the field of tourism, community resilience has primarily been discussed as a theoretical concept. To date, the ideas have had limited empirical application. We make some suggestions in relation to future studies that would contribute to a better understanding of tourism community system resilience. We suggest that tourism community resilience research should focus on the following aspects in the future： tourism community resilience measurement methods; the factors and mechanisms of tourism community resilience; the formation mechanism of, and the regional differences in, tourism community resilience across several different tourism community types; the path to tourism community resilience; tourism community management-based resilience thinking; and the different effects of stresses and disturbances on tourism community resilience.