齐鲁学刊
齊魯學刊
제로학간
Qilu Journal
2015年
2期
12~16
,共null页
进化论 天道 人道 合群竞争 互助进化
進化論 天道 人道 閤群競爭 互助進化
진화론 천도 인도 합군경쟁 호조진화
Evolutionism; the law of Tian; the law of human beings; group and competition; evolution mutually
进化论在近代中国的传播是一个影响深远又纷争不断的事件。以严复、梁启超、孙中山为代表的近代学者对进化论进行了中国化的解读。严复强调任天为治,又强调以人持天,天道与人道呈现出双重结构。梁启超合群竞争式的进化理论,强调的是人治与天行的抗争。孙中山借用互助论来限制进化论,提出互助进化理论,其基本观点是人事胜天。天道人道之间,学者们一致走上了对人道力量的强调,尤其是对道德力量的强调。这与近代＂道德救国＂的思潮走到了一起。
進化論在近代中國的傳播是一箇影響深遠又紛爭不斷的事件。以嚴複、樑啟超、孫中山為代錶的近代學者對進化論進行瞭中國化的解讀。嚴複彊調任天為治,又彊調以人持天,天道與人道呈現齣雙重結構。樑啟超閤群競爭式的進化理論,彊調的是人治與天行的抗爭。孫中山藉用互助論來限製進化論,提齣互助進化理論,其基本觀點是人事勝天。天道人道之間,學者們一緻走上瞭對人道力量的彊調,尤其是對道德力量的彊調。這與近代＂道德救國＂的思潮走到瞭一起。
진화론재근대중국적전파시일개영향심원우분쟁불단적사건。이엄복、량계초、손중산위대표적근대학자대진화론진행료중국화적해독。엄복강조임천위치,우강조이인지천,천도여인도정현출쌍중결구。량계초합군경쟁식적진화이론,강조적시인치여천행적항쟁。손중산차용호조론래한제진화론,제출호조진화이론,기기본관점시인사성천。천도인도지간,학자문일치주상료대인도역량적강조,우기시대도덕역량적강조。저여근대＂도덕구국＂적사조주도료일기。
The spread of Evolutionism is a significant story in Modern China. The Scholars, such as Yan Fu, Liang Qichao, Sun Zhong-shan tried to explain and sometimes misread Evolutionism according to the western theories and bioseience. But in fact they reread it according to Chinese traditional thinking mode of Tian and human being and focus on the field of ethics and morality, maybe unconsciously. For Yah Fu, there are two kinds of relations between Tian and human beings. He empha- sizes that human beings should act according to Tian and the law of Tian, on the other hand he thinks human beings could mas- ter the law of Tian. Liang Qi-chao focuses on the struggle between Tian and Human beings and minimizes the danger of competition with human＇s group consciousness. Sun Zhong-shan restricts Evolutionism with mutualism and thinks human being could win Tian. In short the scholars attach importance to the morality.
