CAJ | 학술논문

从进化心理学中的利他理论为研究切入点,我们可以发现,孔子和孟子的利他思想以亲缘利他为主,同时强调亲缘和群体内成员间利他的互惠性,并通过道德训教和舆论压力强化利他行为。孔子和孟子虽然也提倡纯粹利他,但纯粹利他不容易被纳入伦理纲常之中。孔孟式亲缘利他和互惠利他思想有深刻的进化心理学机制,符合生物学和心理学规律,所以成为中国古代的主导性伦理。其局限是对亲缘利他过分推崇,且人际间的互惠关系不具备平等性,因而不符合进化上稳定的利他策略。
종진화심이학중적이타이론위연구절입점,아문가이발현,공자화맹자적이타사상이친연이타위주,동시강조친연화군체내성원간이타적호혜성,병통과도덕훈교화여론압력강화이타행위。공자화맹자수연야제창순수이타,단순수이타불용역피납입윤리강상지중。공맹식친연이타화호혜이타사상유심각적진화심이학궤제,부합생물학화심이학규률,소이성위중국고대적주도성윤리。기국한시대친연이타과분추숭,차인제간적호혜관계불구비평등성,인이불부합진화상은정적이타책략。
Kin altruism ,reciprocal altruism and pure altruism were all advocated by Confucians in Pre‐Qin Period .But kin altruism had been put in the core of moral system .In the Five Constant Virtues of Confucianism ,only fidelity related to reciprocal altruism ,and there is no position for pure altruism .In kin altruism reciprocity also was stipulated . Due to the hierarchical structures in interpersonal relationships ,reciprocal benefits between people were rarely fair .So in Confucianism there is more altruism in kin than in no‐kin .This altruism rules proposed by the Confucians almost properly fit the psychological mechanism founded by the evolutionary biologists and psychologists . No human can refuse family love , so Confucianism popularized in ancient China and eventually became the main ideology . Confucianism excessively emphasized the values of familylove ;this hampered the actualization of equal right and universal love in the w hole nation .Confucian altruism is not Evolutionary Stable Strategy （ESS） in the long‐run .In present China ,kinship love should be emphasized as has ever been ,but everyone should be entitled the equal right to be benefited .