CAJ | 학술논문

结合生态学理论,对个案公园进行历时性考察,就公园休闲体育及相关因素进行分析,并建构系统阐释运行规律。研究认为,在社区公园繁杂的活动表象下,存在着一个公园休闲生态系统,即休闲活动的主体（个体、群体）与公园半人工、半自然的环境、休闲经济环境及休闲社会和文化环境通过物流、能流、信息流、人员流以及资金流而相互作用、相互依存的系统。其结构表现为：宏观上,包括休闲社会及文化子系统、经济子系统和自然子系统;中观上,即层次结构;微观上,包括内容结构、时间结构、空间结构和链网结构。其功能表现为：对于系统自身各要素及外环境的功能、社会功能、经济功能、文化功能、生态美功能。系统的生态平衡主要受系统的层次结构、休闲种类的多样性、信息反馈、功能冗余、休闲活动间的关系协调等因素的影响。为了维持该系统的平衡,应遵循如下基本原则：资源复合利用原则、人工调控和自我调控相结合原则、共生原则、功能最优化原则和最小风险原则。这给我国社区公园的管理和运作提供了新的思路：在宏观层面,政府应将注意力集中于资源的多重利用和功能互动上,建立政府主导、各相关部门协同、休闲公众参与的公园休闲生态管理协作机制。在中观层面,提高公园资源的使用效率,优化公园内、外环境,增强系统的休闲承载力。在微观层面,加强休闲主体服务,调控系统结构与功能,提高休闲活动多样性。最终,实现系统高承载力的动态平衡,促进公园休闲体育的可持续发展。
결합생태학이론,대개안공완진행력시성고찰,취공완휴한체육급상관인소진행분석,병건구계통천석운행규률。연구인위,재사구공완번잡적활동표상하,존재착일개공완휴한생태계통,즉휴한활동적주체（개체、군체）여공완반인공、반자연적배경、휴한경제배경급휴한사회화문화배경통과물류、능류、신식류、인원류이급자금류이상호작용、상호의존적계통。기결구표현위：굉관상,포괄휴한사회급문화자계통、경제자계통화자연자계통;중관상,즉층차결구;미관상,포괄내용결구、시간결구、공간결구화련망결구。기공능표현위：대우계통자신각요소급외배경적공능、사회공능、경제공능、문화공능、생태미공능。계통적생태평형주요수계통적층차결구、휴한충류적다양성、신식반궤、공능용여、휴한활동간적관계협조등인소적영향。위료유지해계통적평형,응준순여하기본원칙：자원복합이용원칙、인공조공화자아조공상결합원칙、공생원칙、공능최우화원칙화최소풍험원칙。저급아국사구공완적관리화운작제공료신적사로：재굉관층면,정부응장주의력집중우자원적다중이용화공능호동상,건립정부주도、각상관부문협동、휴한공음삼여적공완휴한생태관리협작궤제。재중관층면,제고공완자원적사용효솔,우화공완내、외배경,증강계통적휴한승재력。재미관층면,가강휴한주체복무,조공계통결구여공능,제고휴한활동다양성。최종,실현계통고승재력적동태평형,촉진공완휴한체육적가지속발전。
With the theory of ecology and a field investigation of a particular park, this paper studies leisure sports in parks and the leisure ecosystem of a community park, explores the in- trinsic operating rules of the park. The result shows that Leisure Ecological System of the Community Park is a compound of human （individual or group） and the environment with spe- cific structure and functions. It can meet people ~ s need in body and spirit. The core connotation of the concept is harmonious symbiosis. The system is mainly composed by the subject of the leisure, the activity of leisure and the environment for leisure. Its basic characteristics includes being based on human, being dominated by leisure activities, the spontaneous formation and systematical development, the dynamic time and space, the interaction of the elements, and the combination of inner and outer regulation. The subject of the artificial regulation is the adminis- trator of the park and its higher-up administration. The basic principles of the artificial regula- tion are overlapped utilization of resources, the combination of artificial regulation and automat- ic regulation, reciprocal and symbiosis, interpromotion and inconsistency and so on. This pro- vides a new thought to the management and operation of community parks in China. From the macro-perspective, the government should focus on the multiple utilization of resources and functional interaction to establish a government-led, department-coordinated, citizen-participa- ted cooperational mechanism of an ecologically-managed leisure park. At the medium level, the efficiency of park resources needs to be improved, and the internal and external environments of the parks need to be optimized, which is to enhance the recreational carrying capacity of the system. From the micro-perspective, the service to the leisure subject needs to be strength- ened, the system structure and function needs to be controlled, and the diversity of leisure activities needs to he improved. The final goal is to achieve a high level dynamic balance of the system and develop the leisure sports in parks.