CAJ | 학술논문

罗马法中的人,既具有个体性又具有集体性,反映了罗马人特有的个体与集体互动的观念。罗马法中的家庭（familia）具有多义性,可指财产,也可指人的集合。罗马法中的家庭观受到了毕达哥拉斯学派的自然法观念影响,家庭作为宇宙秩序的首要但并非唯一环节,先于城市存在,是共和国的温床。人在家庭之中,作为家庭的一份子,但同时也是城市、共和国的一份子。人在罗马法中居于中心位置,作为集体的罗马人民是现实的、具体的团体,而非理念的、抽象的团体。家庭的首要意义在于增长,因此,罗马法中的成年以性成熟为标准,且婚姻必须是异性婚。家父权并非不受限制,家子具有自治的地位,以家父权为纽带建立的家庭是为了满足增长的需要。
라마법중적인,기구유개체성우구유집체성,반영료라마인특유적개체여집체호동적관념。라마법중적가정（familia）구유다의성,가지재산,야가지인적집합。라마법중적가정관수도료필체가랍사학파적자연법관념영향,가정작위우주질서적수요단병비유일배절,선우성시존재,시공화국적온상。인재가정지중,작위가정적일빈자,단동시야시성시、공화국적일빈자。인재라마법중거우중심위치,작위집체적라마인민시현실적、구체적단체,이비이념적、추상적단체。가정적수요의의재우증장,인차,라마법중적성년이성성숙위표준,차혼인필수시이성혼。가부권병비불수한제,가자구유자치적지위,이가부권위뉴대건립적가정시위료만족증장적수요。
The term persona in Roman law represents a notion characterized with both individuality and collectivity, which reflects the idea of interaction between the individual and the collective. The familia in Roman law is a concept with various significances which could either indicate properties or a group of people. The notion of familia in Roman law was deeply influenced by the idea of Natural Law derived from the Pythagorean school, which constitutes the primary but not the unique link of Universal Order, preexistent to the naissance of city, and constitutes the hotbed of the Republic. Persona holds itself in familia, being part of the latter and meanwhile part of the city and of the Republic. In Roman law, persona is always at the center, the Romans as a collectivity is a realistic and concrete group instead of an ideal and abstract one. The primary significance of familia is to reproduce, that is why in Roman law the criterion of becoming adult is sexual matu- rity, and the only form of marriage is heterosexual. The patria potesta is not beyond control, in fact the filius familais is au- tonomous. And the constitution of the familia based on the patria potesta is for the scope of reproduction.