CAJ | 학술논문

现阶段我国推行的“土地增减挂钩”政策对推进农村就地城镇化有显著作用，但在此过程中依然存在不可忽视的社会保障问题，引起了各方关于村落发展模式的积极探讨。由于我国农村长期存在粗放式建设用地经营。加上大规模农村人口由农村迂往城镇。造成相当程度土地和宅基地的低效利用和闲置现象，而土地增减挂钩政策可以有效合理规划农村建设布局．增加城市建设用地指标，以集约节约用地增加耕地面积、保护耕地、缩小城乡差距，推动农村就地城镇化。但试点地区政府在实施“土地增减挂钩”政策中存在逐利“冒进”现象，在实施整个过程中缺乏完善配套保障措施，使村民社会保障易陷于困境。因此，实施政策应以维护农村利益为核心，保障合法占得宅基地村民的合法权益，统筹城乡发展，建立健全搬迁居民社会保障体系，营造创业就业环境、完善社区养老保障、完善土地级差利益分配机制、完善监督管理机制和保持土地可持续利用，以最大程度保障农民利益．增进农村农民权益。
현계단아국추행적“토지증감괘구”정책대추진농촌취지성진화유현저작용，단재차과정중의연존재불가홀시적사회보장문제，인기료각방관우촌락발전모식적적겁탐토。유우아국농촌장기존재조방식건설용지경영。가상대규모농촌인구유농촌우왕성진。조성상당정도토지화택기지적저효이용화한치현상，이토지증감괘구정책가이유효합리규화농촌건설포국．증가성시건설용지지표，이집약절약용지증가경지면적、보호경지、축소성향차거，추동농촌취지성진화。단시점지구정부재실시“토지증감괘구”정책중존재축리“모진”현상，재실시정개과정중결핍완선배투보장조시，사촌민사회보장역함우곤경。인차，실시정책응이유호농촌이익위핵심，보장합법점득택기지촌민적합법권익，통주성향발전，건립건전반천거민사회보장체계，영조창업취업배경、완선사구양로보장、완선토지급차이익분배궤제、완선감독관리궤제화보지토지가지속이용，이최대정도보장농민이익．증진농촌농민권익。
At present, the policy of ＂Urban and Rural Construction Land Acquisition＂ has an obviouspromotion to the in-situ urbanization of farmers. However, there are still some problems concerning the socialsecurity in the process and causes an active research on the village development mode. Due to the long-standing extensive management to the construction land in the rural in China and massive rural populationmoving to the urban, inefficient use and idle phenomenon of land and housing land is relatively serious.Therefore, the policy of ＂Urban and Rural Construction Land Acquisition＂ can effectively and reasonably planthe rural construction layout, increase the urban construction land index, increase and protect the arable land,narrow down the urban and rural gap and promote the in-situ urbanization of the rural. However, there are thephenomena of the local governments pursuing to benefits in the experimental regions in the process and lack ofsupport and security measures, which leaves the local farmers＇ social security in a hot water. Therefore, whencarrying out the policy, protecting farmer＇s benefits should be the core; the legal right of the farmer with legalresidential land should be protected. The governments should balance the urban and rural development,establish and improve the relocation residents＇ social security system, build entrepreneurial employmentenvironment, improve the community endowment security, improve land differential benefit distributionmechanism, perfect the supervision and management mechanism, and keep the sustainable use of land tomaximize the interests of farmers and promote rural farmers＂ rights and interests.