CAJ | 학술논문

美国现代派诗人埃兹拉·庞德一生推崇中国文化和儒家思想,除了在诗歌中大量引用中国典故,还翻译了《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《诗经》等儒学经典。庞德晚年被拘押在华盛顿圣伊丽莎白精神病医院期间同哈佛学者方志彤有频繁的书信往来,分析这些史料可以追溯庞德和方志彤之间围绕儒家经典翻译的探讨和争论,进而驳斥西方学者所谓18、19世纪汉学家的译著为庞德儒家经典翻译唯一依据的观点。庞德晚年的儒学翻译有诸多突破：一是突破了对个人和社会责任的关注;二是突破了＂四书＂的限制;三是突破了重汉语字形、轻汉语语音的成见。庞德能有这些突破,方志彤功不可没。史料证明,方志彤对庞德后期儒家典籍翻译的帮助和影响超过了半个世纪来学界的估计。
미국현대파시인애자랍·방덕일생추숭중국문화화유가사상,제료재시가중대량인용중국전고,환번역료《대학》、《중용》、《론어》、《시경》등유학경전。방덕만년피구압재화성돈골이려사백정신병의원기간동합불학자방지동유빈번적서신왕래,분석저사사료가이추소방덕화방지동지간위요유가경전번역적탐토화쟁론,진이박척서방학자소위18、19세기한학가적역저위방덕유가경전번역유일의거적관점。방덕만년적유학번역유제다돌파：일시돌파료대개인화사회책임적관주;이시돌파료＂사서＂적한제;삼시돌파료중한어자형、경한어어음적성견。방덕능유저사돌파,방지동공불가몰。사료증명,방지동대방덕후기유가전적번역적방조화영향초과료반개세기래학계적고계。
Ezra Pound, the American modernist poet, had a career-long interest in Chinese culture, especially Confucianism. In addition to extensive use of Confucian sayings and other Chinese cultural and historical materials in his poetry and critical prose, Pound translated into Italian two of the ＂Four Books,＂ The Great Digest and The Unwobbling Pivot, and translated into English The Unwobbling Pivot, The Analects （also one of the ＂Four Books＂）, part of Mencius （the last of the ＂Four Books＂）, and The Book of Songs or Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius. When he was confined to St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington D.C. in the 1950s, he befriended Achilles Fang （Fang Zhitong）, an erudite Chinese scholar at Harvard. Their correspondence from 1950 to 1958 （consisting of 108 letters from Pound to Fang and 106 from Fang to Pound） brings to light some of the world＇s most vigorous cross-cultural exchanges onConfucian ideas in the past century. The mere fact that the two learned men carried on this dialogue on Confucianism for eight and half years has effectively refuted the common belief that Pound relied totally on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Western Sinologists＇ versions to study and translate Confucian classics. Pound＇s late Confucian translations have proven to be different from his early Confucian translations in three key aspects, first, they have shifted away from the early focus on the Confucius＇ emphasis on the individual and social responsibility; second, they have expanded in scope beyond the ＂Four Books＂ to reach classics such as The Book of Songs and The Book of History; and, third, they have cast off the widely criticized disregard for the Chinese sound. These breakthroughs in 15ound＇s late Confucianism have for decades eluded Pound scholars＇ attention. Archival materials reveal that Achilles Fang actually collaborated with Pound on Pound＇s late Confucian translations, notably his 1951 bilingual edition of Confucius.. The Great Digest ＆ The Unwobbling Pivot （New Directions） and his 1954 trade edition of Shih-Ching. The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius （Harvard University Press）. As a Chinese scholar immersed in the Confucian tradition, Achilles Fang played an indispensible role in the preparation and publication of Pound＇s late Confucian translations. In their correspondence week after week for eight and half years they alertly discussed key Confucian terminologies such as jing or respect, the ＂Four Tuan,＂ ten, yi, li, zhi, or four virtuous beginnings of human nature, and so on, resulting in Pound＇s profound understanding of the relevant Confucian concepts and expansion in scope of Confucian studies beyond the ＂Four Books＂ to include The Book of Songs. Achilles Fang was involved in virtually every aspect of Pound＇s The Book of Songs translation project, from the design of the book cover, composition of its introduction to galley proofreading before publication. Achilles Fang＇s introduction to Pound＇s trade edition of The Book of Songs not only succinctly sums up the origin and development of the 305 ancient songs, but also emphasizes the importance of equal attention to the formation, the sound, and the tone of the characters in each song. Without Achilles Fang＇s assistance, Pound would not have insisted that his ideal non-trade edition of The Book of Songs be accompanied by an original Chinese text and a Wade sound key. Due to Pound＇s lack of patience with his publisher＇s work, his non-trade edition of The Book of Songs with an original Chinese text and a Wade sound key fell apart. But the fact that he once insisted on such an edition proves to the world that he did not disregard the sound in the Chinese character throughout his life as some scholars argued. Achilles Fang＇s contributions to Pound＇s late Confucian translations are far greater than Pound＇s scholarship has hitherto been acknowledged. Without his remarkable help Pound could not have achieved what he did in his late Confucianism.