CAJ | 학술논문

在城市里,具有高、低技能的劳动力之间具有互补性,能够互相促进对方劳动生产率的提高。文章利用历次人口普查数据来考察中国城市的技能分布及变化情况,得到以下三点结论：首先,高技能劳动力是城市发展的引擎,它会促进城市工资提升、人口增加。其次,大城市会促进技能互补,使得大城市中不仅有更多的高技能劳动力,也可能会有更多的低技能劳动力。这可以解释为什么高、低技能的劳动力同时向大城市集聚。最后,我们发现中国的大城市抑制了高、低技能劳动力之间的互补性,其背后原因是高技能偏向性的落户政策导致低技能劳动力相对于高技能劳动力供给受限,这不利于提升大城市的劳动生产率和对经济增长的带动作用。
재성시리,구유고、저기능적노동력지간구유호보성,능구호상촉진대방노동생산솔적제고。문장이용력차인구보사수거래고찰중국성시적기능분포급변화정황,득도이하삼점결론：수선,고기능노동력시성시발전적인경,타회촉진성시공자제승、인구증가。기차,대성시회촉진기능호보,사득대성시중불부유경다적고기능노동력,야가능회유경다적저기능노동력。저가이해석위십요고、저기능적노동력동시향대성시집취。최후,아문발현중국적대성시억제료고、저기능노동력지간적호보성,기배후원인시고기능편향성적락호정책도치저기능노동력상대우고기능노동력공급수한,저불리우제승대성시적노동생산솔화대경제증장적대동작용。
There exist skill complementarities between urban workers with different skills. This paper uses the population census data in China to investigate the skill distribution and its changes. First, high skilled workers can motivate city development by increasing urban population and boosting city productivity. Second, cities will promote the skill complementarity, resulting in both high and low skilled workers coexisting in larger cities. Fi- nally, we find that the Household Registration System （HRS） in China depresses skill complementarity by at~ tracting more high skilled workers but fewer low skilled ones in larger cities, which will hinder city productivity and the effect of urbanization on economic growth.