CAJ | 학술논문

《庄子》《易传》皆是以宇宙大化论为支撑的先秦学术经典。《庄子》《易传》都认为,人类生活在一个气化流行、生生不息的宇宙之中,天地宇宙既是人类自我超越的根据,又是现世生命存在的敞开之域。在宇宙大化之中,庄子着眼于生命个体的自由存在,希望以大化的自由诠释生命的自由,并将生命安顿于天地大化中,突出的是人的自然、自在和自由;《易传》的作者则以天地秩序重塑世间秩序,以天地之德揭橥人性之善,以人心为天地之心,挺立起人的道德主体性,突出的是人的价值、道义和义务。自由与道德皆是人生不可或缺的两个维度,《庄》《易》对人生价值的不同诉求正好体现了＂自由＂与＂道德＂之间的理论张力,但这种理论张力乃以近乎一致的大化宇宙论为超越根据,因此这种张力终究是一种互补,在中国历史上,这种互补不仅是理论的,更是现实的。
《장자》《역전》개시이우주대화론위지탱적선진학술경전。《장자》《역전》도인위,인류생활재일개기화류행、생생불식적우주지중,천지우주기시인류자아초월적근거,우시현세생명존재적창개지역。재우주대화지중,장자착안우생명개체적자유존재,희망이대화적자유전석생명적자유,병장생명안돈우천지대화중,돌출적시인적자연、자재화자유;《역전》적작자칙이천지질서중소세간질서,이천지지덕게저인성지선,이인심위천지지심,정립기인적도덕주체성,돌출적시인적개치、도의화의무。자유여도덕개시인생불가혹결적량개유도,《장》《역》대인생개치적불동소구정호체현료＂자유＂여＂도덕＂지간적이론장력,단저충이론장력내이근호일치적대화우주론위초월근거,인차저충장력종구시일충호보,재중국역사상,저충호보불부시이론적,경시현실적。
Both Zhuang zi and Yi zhuan 易传（Commentaries on the Changes ） belong to the pre-Qin （before 221 BCE） classics bolstered by a cosmology of overall transformation. Both of them tell us that man lives in an ever producing universe with flowing of qi （ material force） and the cosmos, i.e., Heaven and Earth, is not only the basis on which human beings can transcend themselves but also the open domain of current life. In the overall transformation of the cosmos, Zhuang zi looks at the independent existence of the living individual, wishes to reveal the freedom of life by the freedom of the overau transformation, and let human beings be settled down in the over transformation of Heaven and Earth in order to emphasize man＇s naturalness and freedom, whereas the authors of the Yi zhuan attempted to remodel the worldly order by the order of Heaven and Earth, disclose the goodness of human nature by virtues of Heaven and Earth, take man＇s heart/mind as the heart/ mind of Heaven and Earth in order to erect man＇s moral subjectivity and highlight man＇s value, propriety, and responsibility. Both freedom and morality are two indispensable dimensions of human life. Different pursuits for the value of human life by Zhuang zi and Yi zhuan just embodied a theoretic tension between freedom and morality. But this tension was based on the nearly identical cosmology of overall transformation. For this reason, this tension was after all a kind of mutual complementarity, which has been existing both theoretically and actually in Chinese history.