戏剧艺术
戲劇藝術
희극예술
Theatre Arts
2015年
3期
13~19
,共null页
视觉元素 形似神似 形神兼备 戏剧空间 价值考量
視覺元素 形似神似 形神兼備 戲劇空間 價值攷量
시각원소 형사신사 형신겸비 희극공간 개치고량
visual elements; traditional Chinese idea concerning painting as ＂likeness in shape, andlikeness in spirit＂; likeness in both shape and spirit; dramatic space; ideological evaluations
舞美设计中视觉元素“形似”与“神似”的观念，是针对当今戏剧逐步走向市场化、商品化所引发的一系列现象而提出的。当观众面临更多选择，而舞美技术发展又让观众享受更多的视觉艺术时．需要厘清并把握两者的关系，避免设计游离于内容。只有“形神兼备”才是立意的根本，这意味着舞美设计要符合舞台美术的特质属性与功能需求，要与剧目情节相配合并与演出内容相贴切。舞美设计中视觉元素的“形神兼备”，不同于一般的绘画和环境设计艺术。它既要提供舞台表演的完美空间性．符合戏剧的规定性．又要存适于戏剧演出的诸因素关系链中。其真谛在于使视觉形象与戏剧演出的内在规律、逻辑相吻合．而不是以求“神似”为借口，用浮夸、奢华的多媒体和拼贴技术来标榜创新。戏剧功能的不断变化要求舞美设计师在迎接复杂的美学思潮与哲学观念的挑战中，不失本体思考。
舞美設計中視覺元素“形似”與“神似”的觀唸，是針對噹今戲劇逐步走嚮市場化、商品化所引髮的一繫列現象而提齣的。噹觀衆麵臨更多選擇，而舞美技術髮展又讓觀衆享受更多的視覺藝術時．需要釐清併把握兩者的關繫，避免設計遊離于內容。隻有“形神兼備”纔是立意的根本，這意味著舞美設計要符閤舞檯美術的特質屬性與功能需求，要與劇目情節相配閤併與縯齣內容相貼切。舞美設計中視覺元素的“形神兼備”，不同于一般的繪畫和環境設計藝術。它既要提供舞檯錶縯的完美空間性．符閤戲劇的規定性．又要存適于戲劇縯齣的諸因素關繫鏈中。其真諦在于使視覺形象與戲劇縯齣的內在規律、邏輯相吻閤．而不是以求“神似”為藉口，用浮誇、奢華的多媒體和拼貼技術來標榜創新。戲劇功能的不斷變化要求舞美設計師在迎接複雜的美學思潮與哲學觀唸的挑戰中，不失本體思攷。
무미설계중시각원소“형사”여“신사”적관념，시침대당금희극축보주향시장화、상품화소인발적일계렬현상이제출적。당관음면림경다선택，이무미기술발전우양관음향수경다적시각예술시．수요전청병파악량자적관계，피면설계유리우내용。지유“형신겸비”재시립의적근본，저의미착무미설계요부합무태미술적특질속성여공능수구，요여극목정절상배합병여연출내용상첩절。무미설계중시각원소적“형신겸비”，불동우일반적회화화배경설계예술。타기요제공무태표연적완미공간성．부합희극적규정성．우요존괄우희극연출적제인소관계련중。기진체재우사시각형상여희극연출적내재규률、라집상문합．이불시이구“신사”위차구，용부과、사화적다매체화병첩기술래표방창신。희극공능적불단변화요구무미설계사재영접복잡적미학사조여철학관념적도전중，불실본체사고。
The idea reflecting one aspect of the traditional Chinese painting as ＂likeness in shape and in spirit＂ in the visual elements of stage design is used to tackle problems in the commercialization of the theatre. As there are now more choices for audiences and more possibilities in visual effects with the development of stage technology, the relation between the two needs to be sorted out and designs that are irrelevant to the content must be avoided. To convey ideas, both shape and spirit must be presented, which means that stage design should meet the uniqueness and needs of stage scenery, and match the plots and action of the play. The ＂likeness in shape and in spirit＂ in the visual elements of the stage design is different from that in painting or environment design. Stage design functions to provide space for the actors, and to balance the various inter-related factors in the dramatic production. This idea of stage design is used to suit the visual images to the intrinsic logic and principles of acting, but not to flaunt their innovations with luxurious multi-media and pastiche techniques, by means of taking the ＂likeness in spirit＂ as an excuse. The changes in the functions of drama have challenged stage designers with various aesthetic trends and complicated philosophical ideas, so designers must be able to think critically.
