CAJ | 학술논문

启动和探测刺激相同试次低比例时可出现类似负启动的抑制现象。本研究采用不同于以往研究的单一探测范式,并操纵相关项（启动与探测词语义相关）的比例及刺激集的大小研究这一抑制机制的特点。实验1在低比例时发现了显著的负启动效应。实验2在低比例时,发现小的刺激集能诱发负启动,而大的则不能。表明在单一探测范式中启动与探测相关试次的低比例确实能诱发抑制控制,该抑制控制由忽视策略所致,并受刺激集大小的影响,支持了干扰项的凸显能够诱发强抑制的观点。
계동화탐측자격상동시차저비례시가출현유사부계동적억제현상。본연구채용불동우이왕연구적단일탐측범식,병조종상관항（계동여탐측사어의상관）적비례급자격집적대소연구저일억제궤제적특점。실험1재저비례시발현료현저적부계동효응。실험2재저비례시,발현소적자격집능유발부계동,이대적칙불능。표명재단일탐측범식중계동여탐측상관시차적저비례학실능유발억제공제,해억제공제유홀시책략소치,병수자격집대소적영향,지지료간우항적철현능구유발강억제적관점。
The low proportion of repeated trials in priming studies can trigger negative priming, but most of these studies use a single prime and conflicted a probe paradigm which is thought to play a key role in triggering a negative priming effect. Thus, those negative priming effects cannot be attributed only to the low proportion of repeated trials, as the conflicted probe can also play an important role. Moreover, the negative priming found in some studies using a single prime and a target paradigm has challenged the view that the conflicted probe plays a key role in causing negative priming. However, these studies manipulated either instruction or proportion and other factors simultaneously which cannot dissociate the real effects of the low proportion. In addition, Frings and Wentura （2006） speculated that repeatability of stimuli affected awareness of participants about correlation between prime and target, and it was harder to perceive this correlation by using a larger quantity of semantic-associated words than a limited number of repetitive words. Therefore, the size of stimulus set composed by semantically related words might also be a key factor in triggering the negative priming effect, but they employed a dual-prime and a single-probe paradigm. The present study explores the characteristic of inhibitory control by manipulating the proportion of related trials and varying the size of the stimuli set in a single prime and a target paradigm. In Experiment 1, the proportion of related trials was set to 20% or 80%, and Experiment 2 introduced two different sizes of stimuli set （i.e., 8 and 48） and tested their effects on inhibition. In Experiment 1, a total of 22 participants participated in the two-proportion blocks. And in Experiment 2, two different sizes of stimuli set were manipulated in a between-subjects design. Other two factors, including the prime condition and the proportion, were manipulated in a within-subjects design. Semantic negative priming was observed in 20% condition, in contrast, the positive priming effect was observed in 80% proportion condition in Experiment 1. Moreover, by analyzing the data from four blocks according to the experimental sequence, the pattern of negative priming was observed in four blocks in 20% condition, whereas the positive pattern was observed in four blocks in the 80% condition. In Experiment 2, in the 20% condition, a reliable negative priming effect was observed when the quantity of stimuli set was 8; whereas a non-significant negative priming occurred when it was 48. Regardless of the small or large stimulus sets, the significantly positive priming effect was observed when the related proportion was high. The current study demonstrated that manipulation alone on the low proportion of related trials in a single prime and only target paradigm could trigger the inhibitory control, which was caused by the ignored strategies. In addition, when the proportion of related trials was low, the implementation of inhibition was subject to the size of stimuli set. Smaller stimulus set could trigger a greater inhibition, whereas the larger stimulus set could induce lower inhibition, or even could not induce inhibition. The current results supported the viewpoint that the more salient distractor could trigger stronger inhibition.