CAJ | 학술논문

有意遗忘是指个体主动忘记无用和过时的信息,本质是记忆的主动抑制,包括定向遗忘和压抑遗忘。定向遗忘中的记忆抑制既发生在编码阶段也发生在提取阶段,脑机制研究支持编码抑制理论和提取抑制理论;压抑遗忘中的记忆抑制是通过前额-海马神经环路实现的,体现在No-think诱发前额区域的激活增强和海马的激活减弱。未来应重视定向遗忘和压抑遗忘的脑机制差异、记忆抑制和其他心理活动抑制之间的差异、创伤个体的有意遗忘研究和记忆控制神经网络的可塑性研究。
유의유망시지개체주동망기무용화과시적신식,본질시기억적주동억제,포괄정향유망화압억유망。정향유망중적기억억제기발생재편마계단야발생재제취계단,뇌궤제연구지지편마억제이론화제취억제이론;압억유망중적기억억제시통과전액-해마신경배로실현적,체현재No-think유발전액구역적격활증강화해마적격활감약。미래응중시정향유망화압억유망적뇌궤제차이、기억억제화기타심리활동억제지간적차이、창상개체적유의유망연구화기억공제신경망락적가소성연구。
Intentional forgetting refers to the phenomenon that individuals intentionally forget useless or outdated information, which is important for human life and memory updating. In recent years, intentional forgetting research has become a hot topic. Both domestic and overseas research findings about intentional forgetting become richer, but systematic introduction and conclusions about the brain mechanisms of intentional forgetting are lacking. Therefore, based on the related findings, we introduced the brain mechanisms of directed forgetting and suppression forgetting. The brain mechanism of the directed forgetting was mainly reflected in encoding and retrieval phases. In the encoding phase, different instructions caused different brain activities. R （remembering） instruction caused activation of the memory processing region, while F （forgetting） instruction caused activation of the inhibitory region. These different brain activities supported the attention inhibition theory of directed forgetting, which states that directed forgetting was possible because the participant actively inhibited rehearsing and processing of F item. In the retrieval phase, there were different old/new effects between TBR-R （to be remembered-remembered） items and TBF-R （to be forgotten-remembered） items. The former were based on recollection, and the latter were based on familiarity. While TBF-F （to be forgotten-forgotten） items induced reversed old/new effects, indicating that the need to forget items was inhibited in the retrieval phase. So retrieval inhibition is also an explanation of directed forgetting. In a word, the brain mechanism research of directed forgetting has showed that directed forgetting is an active inhibition process, and encoding inhibition and retrieval inhibition both play an important role in directed forgetting. The brain mechanism of suppression forgetting mainly consisted in the differences between the think items and the No think items. The think items and No think items activated different brain areas： think items increased activation of hippocampus and other memory-related brain areas, while No think items increased activation of prefrontal cortex and reduced activation of hippocampus. The existing suppression forgetting explanation is prefrontal-hippocampus assumption, i.e., individuals firstly induce activation of prefrontal cortex and subsequently inhibit activation of hippocampus so as to achieve the goal of inhibiting unwanted memory. Though the present review illustrated the brain mechanisms of directed forgetting and suppression forgetting, there were still many problems to be solved. Future research should focus on the brain mechanism differences of directed forgetting and suppression forgetting, the brain mechanism differences between memory inhibition and other psychological suppression, intentional forgetting of traumatic experience and mental illness individuals, and the plasticity research of memory control network.