CAJ | 학술논문

核能与其他能源相比具有明显的比较优势，被很多人视为解决全球气候变暖和能源安全问题的替代方案。在我国能源中长期战略规划中。核能也扮演着重要的角色。公众对核能的态度和接受度是影响核能发展的一个重要因素。因此，本文从历史的角度，对相关文献进行了梳理与分析。整理出了公众对核能接受度的历史演进。并分别从人口统计学变量，与核设施距离，风险与收益比较，社会阶层区别，核知识科普，核事故等方面归纳分析了影响公众对核能接受度的主要因素。人口统计变置中，性别是比较明显的因素。男性多把核能视为一个科技话题。对核能的风险感知较低。接受度较高。女性相反。公众接受度与公众距核电站的距离呈现两边高，中间低的趋势。距离核电站较近的区域可能受益于核电发展带来的经济补偿。接受度相对较高。远距离的人们由于离核电站影响较远．也接受度较高。那些处于可能受到核电站影响区域。但是又不在经济补偿范围内的接受度最低。人们对核电的风险和收益平衡是影响人们接受度的重要因素。社会精英和高教育水平的人们对核能的接受度相对较高。核知识科普可以增加人们关于核能的知识。但是现在没有显著的证据表明可以有效的影响到人们对核能的接受度。核事故是影响公众对核能接受度的最显著因素。核事故发生之后，公众对核能的接受度会大大降低。虽然随着时间推进会慢慢恢复。但是历史经验表明，很难恢复到事故之前的状态。当把核电与全球气候变化，能源安全，环境保护等主题放在一起讨论的时候，人们对核电的普遍态度是“不情愿的接受”。
핵능여기타능원상비구유명현적비교우세，피흔다인시위해결전구기후변난화능원안전문제적체대방안。재아국능원중장기전략규화중。핵능야분연착중요적각색。공음대핵능적태도화접수도시영향핵능발전적일개중요인소。인차，본문종역사적각도，대상관문헌진행료소리여분석。정리출료공음대핵능접수도적역사연진。병분별종인구통계학변량，여핵설시거리，풍험여수익비교，사회계층구별，핵지식과보，핵사고등방면귀납분석료영향공음대핵능접수도적주요인소。인구통계변치중，성별시비교명현적인소。남성다파핵능시위일개과기화제。대핵능적풍험감지교저。접수도교고。녀성상반。공음접수도여공음거핵전참적거리정현량변고，중간저적추세。거리핵전참교근적구역가능수익우핵전발전대래적경제보상。접수도상대교고。원거리적인문유우리핵전참영향교원．야접수도교고。나사처우가능수도핵전참영향구역。단시우불재경제보상범위내적접수도최저。인문대핵전적풍험화수익평형시영향인문접수도적중요인소。사회정영화고교육수평적인문대핵능적접수도상대교고。핵지식과보가이증가인문관우핵능적지식。단시현재몰유현저적증거표명가이유효적영향도인문대핵능적접수도。핵사고시영향공음대핵능접수도적최현저인소。핵사고발생지후，공음대핵능적접수도회대대강저。수연수착시간추진회만만회복。단시역사경험표명，흔난회복도사고지전적상태。당파핵전여전구기후변화，능원안전，배경보호등주제방재일기토론적시후，인문대핵전적보편태도시“불정원적접수”。
Nuclear Energy has many advantages compared with other energy sources obviously. It has been seen as a solution to climate change and energy security in many countries. Nuclear energy is expected to play an important role in China＇ s long-term energy strategy. Public attitudes to nuclear power will influence public acceptance and the development of nuclear power. Due to limited studies about public attitudes to nuclear power in China, this paper reviewed the public attitudes, acceptance, risk perception and determinants of nuclear power. Gender is the most significant demographic variable influencing public acceptance to nuclear power. Men tend to perceive nuclear as a science and technology issue, and have lower risk perception and higher acceptance compared with women. Distance to nuclear power is another influencing factor. People living near nuclear power plant tend to have a higher acceptance due to economic benefits and familiarity while people living on the periphery tend to have a lower acceptance degree. The balance between perceived risk and benefits is one of the most important determinant of public acceptance to nuclear power. Higher educated people tend to accept nuclear power more positively. Nuclear accident is the most significant determinant of public acceptance to nuclear power. After nuclear accident, the public acceptance to nuclear power always decrease sharply and its＇ very hard to recover. Reluctant acceptance is the most common attitude for most people, especially when nuclear power is framed with climate change and nuclear security.