CAJ | 학술논문

国家对草原生态特别是西部牧区的生态保护高度重视，相应出台草原生态奖补等措施，打破了西部牧区传统畜牧业生产中人、草、畜的要素安排模式。如何在草原生态环境保护“新常态”下，实现西部牧区经济功能、社会功能、生态功能的协调统一．已引起各级政府和社会高度重视。为实现畜牧业可持续发展。青海省从2008年开始在牧区六州试点开展了生态畜牧业建设，实现了牧区外部性的内部化从而形成牧区经济、社会、生态三大功能协调发展。本研究运用层次分析法，就青海省2008—2010年草原生态畜牧业发展的政策效益构建AHP评价模型。建模过程中，将青海省生态畜牧北发展的政策效应评价分成三个层次；将政策效应评价指标分为经济指标、社会指标和生态指标等三个方面。具体包括畜牧业产值、种羊场能繁母畜数、种牛场能繁母畜数、生态畜牧业合作经济组织数量、农村居民家庭经营牧业收入、金融机构人民币存款余额中农村牧区存款、牧区县定居牧户数、草原建设人工种草当年新种面积、草原建设围栏草场面积等9个细化指标。通过模型分析显示，2008—2010年生态畜牧业政策效应评价排序结果为：2010年0．6430。2009年0．2201．2008年0．1369；2010年和2009年政策效应均优于2008年政策效应，2010年政策效应最佳。模型分析得出的政策含义主要有：生产发展、生态好转、牧民持续增收的生态畜牧业发展模式已成为当前草原生态环境保护“新常态”下畜牧业发展的重要选择。
국가대초원생태특별시서부목구적생태보호고도중시，상응출태초원생태장보등조시，타파료서부목구전통축목업생산중인、초、축적요소안배모식。여하재초원생태배경보호“신상태”하，실현서부목구경제공능、사회공능、생태공능적협조통일．이인기각급정부화사회고도중시。위실현축목업가지속발전。청해성종2008년개시재목구륙주시점개전료생태축목업건설，실현료목구외부성적내부화종이형성목구경제、사회、생태삼대공능협조발전。본연구운용층차분석법，취청해성2008—2010년초원생태축목업발전적정책효익구건AHP평개모형。건모과정중，장청해성생태축목북발전적정책효응평개분성삼개층차；장정책효응평개지표분위경제지표、사회지표화생태지표등삼개방면。구체포괄축목업산치、충양장능번모축수、충우장능번모축수、생태축목업합작경제조직수량、농촌거민가정경영목업수입、금융궤구인민폐존관여액중농촌목구존관、목구현정거목호수、초원건설인공충초당년신충면적、초원건설위란초장면적등9개세화지표。통과모형분석현시，2008—2010년생태축목업정책효응평개배서결과위：2010년0．6430。2009년0．2201．2008년0．1369；2010년화2009년정책효응균우우2008년정책효응，2010년정책효응최가。모형분석득출적정책함의주요유：생산발전、생태호전、목민지속증수적생태축목업발전모식이성위당전초원생태배경보호“신상태”하축목업발전적중요선택。
Animal husbandry of Chinese west pastoral has muhiple function： Economic function, animal husbandry production is the important driver of animal husbandry and pastoral economic development; As for social function, west pastoral is always the concentrated area of minority nationalities, where livestock supplies important products for pastoral consumption, and livestock is the main channel of improving herdsman income; Through effecting the pastoral ecological conservation, livestock development effects national ecological security. In recent years, the grassland ecology especially pastoral areas of grassland ecological protection in Western China have attached great importance, and the government has been implementing a series of measures such as Grassland Ecology Award and subsidy system. Under the premise of protecting grassland eco-environment, the western pastoral functions of economic, social, ecological functions coordinated development, have given rise to all levels of Government and public attention. Since 2008 ,pastoral area of the six-Perfectures in Qinghai Province pilot grassland ecological animal husbandry constructed to realize internalization of the externality of pastoral animal husbandry so as to form pastoral area of coordinated development. This paper used the analytic hierarchy process, constructed the AHP evaluation model of grassland ecological animal husbandry policy efficiency from 2008 to 2010 in Qinghai Province. In the model, policy effect evaluation of grassland ecological animal husbandry in Qinghai Province is divided into three levels; Policy effect evaluation indicators include economic indicators, social indicators and ecological indicators, specific including 9 refinement indicators ： livestock output, number of breeding female in sheep breeding farm, number of breeding female in cow breeding farm, number of cooperative economic organizations of grassland ecological animal husbandry, rural residents family income from operating livestock, RMB deposit balance of financial institutions in rural and pastoral area deposits, settled herdsmen in Pastoral counties, added area of artificial grass in grassland construction, and fenced pasture area of grassland construction. Models analysis suggests that policy effect evaluation of grassland ecological animal husbandry in 2008 - 2010 for sorting results is ： ① 2010 0. 643 0, ② 2009 0.220 1, ③2008 0. 136 9. The policy effects of 2009 and 2010 are better than that of 2008. There are policy implications of the analysis model as follows： Through the development of livestock production, protecting the ecological environment of grassland, increasing income of herdsmen, grassland ecological animal husbandry has become the significant choice for the development of animal husbandry under current ＂ new normal＂ of grassland ecological environment protection.