CAJ | 학술논문

在3D打印带来的知识产权问题中，议论较多的是相关“复制”与“合理使用”问题。实质上，3D打印是一种制造，其“打印”行为所产生的“产品”不是一般著作权法意义上的“复制品”，而是载有知识产权的有形物品，有一定的经济利益。因此，已有知识产权法中的“复制”、“合理使用”制度不能简单套用于3D打印；当下有人认定的3D打印中的“复制”和“合理使用”本质上是“一种未经权利人同意的作品使用行为”，已经与特定的“物”联系起来，且给权利人带来了经济损失。它们是否为侵权行为，在我国著作权法上难以直接找到法律依据；著作权法规定的“使用他人作品，应当支付报酬而未支付的”似乎与这些行为相关，但它们无正当理由适用前项规定。对此，可以基于著作权作为一种财产权之事实，将此种情况视为一种财产侵权行为，适用一般侵权行为法。然而，在3D打印普及情形下，为更为有效地保护权利人利益，可以在著作权法中增加“未经许可或无法定原因使用他人作品，损害权利人合法利益的”作为侵权行为之一。
재3D타인대래적지식산권문제중，의론교다적시상관“복제”여“합리사용”문제。실질상，3D타인시일충제조，기“타인”행위소산생적“산품”불시일반저작권법의의상적“복제품”，이시재유지식산권적유형물품，유일정적경제이익。인차，이유지식산권법중적“복제”、“합리사용”제도불능간단투용우3D타인；당하유인인정적3D타인중적“복제”화“합리사용”본질상시“일충미경권리인동의적작품사용행위”，이경여특정적“물”련계기래，차급권리인대래료경제손실。타문시부위침권행위，재아국저작권법상난이직접조도법률의거；저작권법규정적“사용타인작품，응당지부보수이미지부적”사호여저사행위상관，단타문무정당이유괄용전항규정。대차，가이기우저작권작위일충재산권지사실，장차충정황시위일충재산침권행위，괄용일반침권행위법。연이，재3D타인보급정형하，위경위유효지보호권리인이익，가이재저작권법중증가“미경허가혹무법정원인사용타인작품，손해권리인합법이익적”작위침권행위지일。
The reproduction and fair use issues have been discussed more frequently as for in- tellectual property （IP） resulting from 3D Printing. In essence, 3D printing is a new kind of man- ufacturing, and the products reproduced by 3D printing are not the duplicates in terms of general copyright law, but tangible objects with certain IP which contains certain economic interests. Therefore, current legal regimes concerning reproduction and fair use in the IP law cannot be simply applied to aD printing. Reproduction and fair use in 3D printing, which have been believed by some persons, are actually the acts using copyrighted works without authors＇ authorization, which are closely associated with the tangible properties, and make right-holders suffer economic losses. However, it is difficult to determine whether the acts are infringement or not according to the Copyright Law of China. The provision in the Copyright Law about ＂exploiting a work crea- ted by another person without paying remuneration as one should＂ seems to be related to the acts above-mentioned, hut there is no proper basis for applying the provision to them. Therefore, these acts shall be regarded as infringement of copyrighted works according to the fact that copy righted works are properties, and the general tort law shall be applied. Nevertheless, in the situa- tion of widespread 3D printing, it shall be a more effective measure for protecting right-holders rights to add the following provision as one kind of infringement of copyrighted works in the Copyright Law： using others＇ copyrighted works without the authorization or statutory reason which produces damages to the right-holders.