CAJ | 학술논문

本文重点以不同类型企业和不同贸易方式（一般贸易和加工贸易）为基础，研究中国装备制造业的增长特征。使用Kaplinsky升级指数和中间品进口相对价来分析不同类型的企业和贸易方式在全球价值链的地位特征和升级表现。本文的研究得出以下结论。首先，中国主要采取了进口替代和战略性贸易相结合的政策推动装备制造业的发展。第二，虽然国有企业和中外合资企业在中国装备制造业生产和贸易快速增长过程中发挥了重要作用，但是外商独资企业和民营企业是最重要的驱动力。第三，中国装备制造业正在经历三个主要的结构性变化，一是各类企业的发展正在变得日益内向，其次是从2005年起装备制造业贸易开始从逆差转向顺差，三是装备制造业的生产和出口更加依赖从国内采购中间品。第四，一般贸易和加工贸易均是中国装备制造业近年来升级的来源，而升级的主要动力是外商独资企业和民营企业，不能忽视的是，国有企业在升级上也取得了令人瞩目的成绩，但是中外合资企业的升级现状令人担忧。最后，国内企业和一般贸易是造成中国装备制造业在全球价值链地位偏低的主要因素。
본문중점이불동류형기업화불동무역방식（일반무역화가공무역）위기출，연구중국장비제조업적증장특정。사용Kaplinsky승급지수화중간품진구상대개래분석불동류형적기업화무역방식재전구개치련적지위특정화승급표현。본문적연구득출이하결론。수선，중국주요채취료진구체대화전략성무역상결합적정책추동장비제조업적발전。제이，수연국유기업화중외합자기업재중국장비제조업생산화무역쾌속증장과정중발휘료중요작용，단시외상독자기업화민영기업시최중요적구동력。제삼，중국장비제조업정재경력삼개주요적결구성변화，일시각류기업적발전정재변득일익내향，기차시종2005년기장비제조업무역개시종역차전향순차，삼시장비제조업적생산화출구경가의뢰종국내채구중간품。제사，일반무역화가공무역균시중국장비제조업근년래승급적래원，이승급적주요동력시외상독자기업화민영기업，불능홀시적시，국유기업재승급상야취득료령인촉목적성적，단시중외합자기업적승급현상령인담우。최후，국내기업화일반무역시조성중국장비제조업재전구개치련지위편저적주요인소。
The paper examines the growth patterns of China＇s equipment manufacturing industry based on the performances of different firm entities in the general trade and the processing trade. Kaplinsky Upgrading index and relative price of imports to exports for intermediate goods are estimated to identify the performance characteristics of different types of firms and trade modes in the up- grading of the industry and position in the global value chain. Several features emerge from the study. First, China seems to have adopted a mix of import sub- stitution and strategic trade policies to promote the development of its equipment manufacturing industry. Second, the foreign- owned enterprises （FOEs） and domes- tic private firms have been the most important driving forces for the rapid expan- sion of China＇s capital goods production and trade, while, of course, the contribu- tions of other types of firms including the state- owned enterprises （SOEs） and joint- venture enterprises UVEs） should not be ignored. Third, China＇s equip- ment manufacturing industry is undergoing three major structural changes, includ- ing increasing inward looking toward domestic market by all the firms, the change from trade deficit to surplus and rising share of local sourcing. Fourth, China＇s equipment manufacturing industry has shown a strong trend of upgrading in both the general trade and the processing trade and the major drivers of the upgrading are FOEs and domestic private enterprises. Domestic SOEs have also made impressive achievements in upgrading while the performance of the JVEs is a matter of concern. Finally, domestic firms and general trade are mainly responsible for the relatively low position of China＇s equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain.