CAJ | 학술논문

论述中国历史的演进,最为有名的是日本学者内藤湖南首倡的唐宋变革论,这是向前看得出的认识。宋元变革论则向后看,从宋代与元明清乃至近现代的联系来观察历史走向。宋元变革论,准确地说是南宋至元变革论。本文追溯了宋元变革论的学术背景,运用地域切割理论,把视点聚焦于江南,从南朝到南宋的联系上,揭示一直遮蔽于中原政治光环之外的经济和文化重心江南的重要性。并且在士大夫政治研究的基础上,从科举登第后士人命运的角度切入,指出制度上的设计与实施过程产生的流弊,加之进入南宋后的“员多阙少”,使绝大多数科举登第后的士人停滞在选人这一低级官僚的层面。严酷的仕途现实让士人失望、绝望,逐渐与主流政治产生疏离,形成流向多元化。而元代长期废止科举,更为促进了这种趋势。大量士人参与到地方社会,引领了社会转型。文化下移,教化普及,明清以来强势的地方乡绅社会,来源正是南宋历元的积淀。通过对时（南宋）、地（江南）、人（士人）三要素互动的考察,来俯瞰中国如何走向近代的轨迹。
논술중국역사적연진,최위유명적시일본학자내등호남수창적당송변혁론,저시향전간득출적인식。송원변혁론칙향후간,종송대여원명청내지근현대적련계래관찰역사주향。송원변혁론,준학지설시남송지원변혁론。본문추소료송원변혁론적학술배경,운용지역절할이론,파시점취초우강남,종남조도남송적련계상,게시일직차폐우중원정치광배지외적경제화문화중심강남적중요성。병차재사대부정치연구적기출상,종과거등제후사인명운적각도절입,지출제도상적설계여실시과정산생적류폐,가지진입남송후적“원다궐소”,사절대다수과거등제후적사인정체재선인저일저급관료적층면。엄혹적사도현실양사인실망、절망,축점여주류정치산생소리,형성류향다원화。이원대장기폐지과거,경위촉진료저충추세。대량사인삼여도지방사회,인령료사회전형。문화하이,교화보급,명청이래강세적지방향신사회,래원정시남송역원적적정。통과대시（남송）、지（강남）、인（사인）삼요소호동적고찰,래부감중국여하주향근대적궤적。
The author made a lot of research on the central politics focusing on imperial power since 1980s and argued that the authority of imperial power became larger and larger, but the substantial imperial power tended to be symbolized. Since 2005, the author began to pay who had passed the imperial examination based on the study of much attention to the fate of those scholars scholar- bureaucrat politics and found that the majority of them could not reach the middle rank till death, instead, they stayed at the low level rank in their lives. The reason lay in the defect of design of the system and the abuses during its implementation. In addition, it was because of lack of official positions in Southern Song Dynasty. The harsh reality made the scholars feel disappointed and even despairing, they gradually alienated from the mainstream politics, and began to pursue different careers. The imperial examination was abolished in Yuan Dynasty which promoted the trend further. A large number of scholars took part in local society, thus enhanced the knowledge level of the localities and led the social transformation. The emergence of strong local society which controlled by country gentlemen since Ming and Qing Dynasties just derived from the accumulation of Southern Song Dy- nasty. At last, the author argues for theory of reform from Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty through which one can observe China＇s path to modern times.