军事历史研究
軍事歷史研究
군사역사연구
Military Historical Research
2015年
3期
38~44
,共null页
抗日战争 蒋介石 “临全大会” 战时体制
抗日戰爭 蔣介石 “臨全大會” 戰時體製
항일전쟁 장개석 “림전대회” 전시체제
the War of Resistance against Japan; Chiang Kai-shek; the KMT Provisional National Congress; wartime system
1938年,国民党在武汉召开＂临全大会＂,通过了设立总裁制、组织非常时期国民参政会和抗战建国纲领等议案,逐步建立了以蒋介石为党政军最高领袖、以国防最高委员会为决策和执行机关、以国民参政会为战时＂民意机关＂的战时党政体制。这一战时体制的建构,既造成了国家权力高度集中与个人独裁,又使各党派获得了建言议政的机会。两者互为矛盾,却又共存发展。
1938年,國民黨在武漢召開＂臨全大會＂,通過瞭設立總裁製、組織非常時期國民參政會和抗戰建國綱領等議案,逐步建立瞭以蔣介石為黨政軍最高領袖、以國防最高委員會為決策和執行機關、以國民參政會為戰時＂民意機關＂的戰時黨政體製。這一戰時體製的建構,既造成瞭國傢權力高度集中與箇人獨裁,又使各黨派穫得瞭建言議政的機會。兩者互為矛盾,卻又共存髮展。
1938년,국민당재무한소개＂림전대회＂,통과료설립총재제、조직비상시기국민삼정회화항전건국강령등의안,축보건립료이장개석위당정군최고령수、이국방최고위원회위결책화집행궤관、이국민삼정회위전시＂민의궤관＂적전시당정체제。저일전시체제적건구,기조성료국가권력고도집중여개인독재,우사각당파획득료건언의정적궤회。량자호위모순,각우공존발전。
In 1938, the KMT held its Provisional National Congress in Wuhan and passed important bills concerning the presidential system, the critical-period National Political Council and the programme on the war with Japan and national building. The wartime party-government system was thus established with Chiang Kai-shek as the supreme leader of the party, the government and the military, with the National Defense Supreme Council as decision-making and execution organs, and with the National Political Council as wartime ＂people＇ s representative body＂. The construction of this system made it possible for highly-centralized state authority and personal dictatorship to coexist at the same time, and allowed different political parties to give consultations and to participate in the management of state affairs. These two elements seem incompatible, but they were coexistent.
