CAJ | 학술논문

在法国，“高等专科学校”被统称为“大学校”（lesgrandes écoles）。从波旁王朝后期到拿破仑执政时期，是法国大学校的创立与早期发展阶段。波旁王朝后期，由于国家连年征战和重商主义政策的推行，工程技术人才需求不断扩大，保守的中世纪大学不再适应经济社会发展需要，培养高级实用专门人才的专科学校应运而生，是为大学校的起源。1789年法国大革命开始后，法国的高等教育重心逐渐转移，中世纪传统大学被关闭，高等专科学校的高等教育主体地位得以确立。拿破仑统治时期，全国只建一所“帝国大学”，高等专科学校进入兴盛时期，并形成了独具一格的办学模式和教育风格。专科学校的成立和早期发展，开辟了法国“双轨制”高等教育发展模式，培养了大批高级实用专门人才，为法国成为欧洲强国作出了重大贡献，同时也对德国、美国等世界其他国家高等技术教育的发展产生了深刻影响。
재법국，“고등전과학교”피통칭위“대학교”（lesgrandes écoles）。종파방왕조후기도나파륜집정시기，시법국대학교적창립여조기발전계단。파방왕조후기，유우국가련년정전화중상주의정책적추행，공정기술인재수구불단확대，보수적중세기대학불재괄응경제사회발전수요，배양고급실용전문인재적전과학교응운이생，시위대학교적기원。1789년법국대혁명개시후，법국적고등교육중심축점전이，중세기전통대학피관폐，고등전과학교적고등교육주체지위득이학립。나파륜통치시기，전국지건일소“제국대학”，고등전과학교진입흥성시기，병형성료독구일격적판학모식화교육풍격。전과학교적성립화조기발전，개벽료법국“쌍궤제”고등교육발전모식，배양료대비고급실용전문인재，위법국성위구주강국작출료중대공헌，동시야대덕국、미국등세계기타국가고등기술교육적발전산생료심각영향。
French higher specialized intuitions are called grandes écoles. They originated from the late period of Bourbon dynasty to the power of Napoleon. They originated in the latter part of the Bourbon dynasty, when the conservative medieval universities could not respond to the needs of social and eco- nomic development, and qualified technicians were urgently needed because of successive years of war and mercantilist policies during that time. After French Revolution in 1789, the focus of French higher education shifted from abolishing medieval universities to establishing dominant status of higher special- ized intuitions. During the reign of Napoleon, there was only one ＂Imperial University＂ in the whole country. Higher specialized institutions experienced a boom, and gradually formed their unique running modes and education styles. The emergence and early development of these higher specialized institu- tions inaugurated French dual higher education system. They made a great contribution to France be- coming a strong European country by training a lot of talents. They also have great impact on higher technical education in Germany, the United States and other countries.