西北农林科技大学学报：社会科学版
西北農林科技大學學報：社會科學版
서북농림과기대학학보：사회과학판
Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(Social Science)
2015年
4期
19~26
,共null页
农业劳动力结构 粮食生产技术效率 农业劳动力转移
農業勞動力結構 糧食生產技術效率 農業勞動力轉移
농업노동력결구 양식생산기술효솔 농업노동력전이
agricultural labor force structure; food production technical efficiency; agricultural labor force transfer
随着我国工业化、城镇化发展,劳动力不断由农业部门向非农部门转移,农业劳动力的数量正在逐渐减少,农业劳动力结构也发生了显著变化。基于2003-2012年间的省级面板数据,运用随机前沿方法测算了我国农业劳动力结构转变对粮食生产技术效率的影响。研究结果表明：农业劳动力结构变化对粮食生产技术效率产生了显著的影响。其中,农业劳动力的老龄化、受教育程度提高对粮食生产技术效率产生了正向影响;而农业劳动力女性化并没有降低非粮食主产区的粮食生产技术效率,但对粮食主产区的粮食生产技术效率产生了负面影响。针对农业劳动力的新变化,我国应改革农村土地流转制度,培育各种类型新型农业经营主体,扩大农业经营规模,加快农业机械化,并加强对农村劳动力的人力资本投资,开展对女性农业劳动力的专门培训。
隨著我國工業化、城鎮化髮展,勞動力不斷由農業部門嚮非農部門轉移,農業勞動力的數量正在逐漸減少,農業勞動力結構也髮生瞭顯著變化。基于2003-2012年間的省級麵闆數據,運用隨機前沿方法測算瞭我國農業勞動力結構轉變對糧食生產技術效率的影響。研究結果錶明：農業勞動力結構變化對糧食生產技術效率產生瞭顯著的影響。其中,農業勞動力的老齡化、受教育程度提高對糧食生產技術效率產生瞭正嚮影響;而農業勞動力女性化併沒有降低非糧食主產區的糧食生產技術效率,但對糧食主產區的糧食生產技術效率產生瞭負麵影響。針對農業勞動力的新變化,我國應改革農村土地流轉製度,培育各種類型新型農業經營主體,擴大農業經營規模,加快農業機械化,併加彊對農村勞動力的人力資本投資,開展對女性農業勞動力的專門培訓。
수착아국공업화、성진화발전,노동력불단유농업부문향비농부문전이,농업노동력적수량정재축점감소,농업노동력결구야발생료현저변화。기우2003-2012년간적성급면판수거,운용수궤전연방법측산료아국농업노동력결구전변대양식생산기술효솔적영향。연구결과표명：농업노동력결구변화대양식생산기술효솔산생료현저적영향。기중,농업노동력적노령화、수교육정도제고대양식생산기술효솔산생료정향영향;이농업노동력녀성화병몰유강저비양식주산구적양식생산기술효솔,단대양식주산구적양식생산기술효솔산생료부면영향。침대농업노동력적신변화,아국응개혁농촌토지류전제도,배육각충류형신형농업경영주체,확대농업경영규모,가쾌농업궤계화,병가강대농촌노동력적인력자본투자,개전대녀성농업노동력적전문배훈。
With the development of industrialization and urbanization,China＇s labor force continues to transfer from agricultural sectors to non-agricultural ones,the number of agricultural labor force reduces,and its structure has undergone significant changes.Based on the panel data at the provincial level during 2003-2012,this article estimates the effect of agricultural labor force structure change on the technical efficiency of food production by means of Stochastic Frontier Approach.The results show that the change of agricultural labor force structure significantly affects the technical efficiency of the food production.The aging of agricultural labor force and the increasing education level of agricultural labor force have positive impact on the food production technical efficiency,while the increase of proportion of female agricultural labor force has negative impact on food production technical efficiency in major-grain-producing areas although it doesn＇t reduce the food production technical efficiency in nonmajor-grain production areas.According to the new changes of agricultural labor force,China should reform rural land transfer system,foster new types of agricultural entities,expand agriculture scale,accelerate agricultural mechanization,strengthen human capital investment in the rural labor force,and provide special training for the female agricultural labor force.
