CAJ | 학술논문

偏向型技术进步对中国工业节能减排具有重要的作用,这就需要将能源视为一种生产投入要素,并测算技术进步在不同要素之间的偏向。采用数据包络法从全要素生产率Malmquist指数中进一步分解出投入要素偏向技术变化（IBTECH）指数,该指数可以度量生产前沿面的旋转效应。在此基础上,判别了1999-2012年中国工业36个行业技术进步的要素偏向。论文的主要结论有：第一,偏向型技术进步总体而言有助于中国工业全要素生产率的提升,几乎所有工业行业在1999-2012年期间、＂十五＂和＂十一五＂分阶段的IBTECH指数均大于1,并且偏向型技术进步对全要素生产率的贡献程度在2007年以后也有大幅提升。第二,中国工业技术进步的偏向在能源和资本之间、能源和中间品之间均节约能源,在能源和劳动力之间节约劳动力,但总体而言呈现出节约能源的特征。第三,从变化趋势和行业分布来看,中国工业节约能源型技术进步在近年来得到了增强,节约能源的行业数在＂十一五＂期间明显多于＂十五＂;在7个年排放1亿t以上的高排放行业中,节约能源技术进步的特征甚至更为明显。这一结果在一定程度表明,过去十到二十年之间我国能源价格去管制化和其他节能减排的政策措施对引导节约能源型技术进步发挥了积极的作用。
편향형기술진보대중국공업절능감배구유중요적작용,저취수요장능원시위일충생산투입요소,병측산기술진보재불동요소지간적편향。채용수거포락법종전요소생산솔Malmquist지수중진일보분해출투입요소편향기술변화（IBTECH）지수,해지수가이도량생산전연면적선전효응。재차기출상,판별료1999-2012년중국공업36개행업기술진보적요소편향。논문적주요결론유：제일,편향형기술진보총체이언유조우중국공업전요소생산솔적제승,궤호소유공업행업재1999-2012년기간、＂십오＂화＂십일오＂분계단적IBTECH지수균대우1,병차편향형기술진보대전요소생산솔적공헌정도재2007년이후야유대폭제승。제이,중국공업기술진보적편향재능원화자본지간、능원화중간품지간균절약능원,재능원화노동력지간절약노동력,단총체이언정현출절약능원적특정。제삼,종변화추세화행업분포래간,중국공업절약능원형기술진보재근년래득도료증강,절약능원적행업수재＂십일오＂기간명현다우＂십오＂;재7개년배방1억t이상적고배방행업중,절약능원기술진보적특정심지경위명현。저일결과재일정정도표명,과거십도이십년지간아국능원개격거관제화화기타절능감배적정책조시대인도절약능원형기술진보발휘료적겁적작용。
Energy-saving technical change is significant to energy conservation and emissions reduction of China＇s industry. In research, it needs to calculate the bias of technical change between different pairs of input factors and treat energy as one of them. In this paper, we applied the data envelopment analysis to decompose the input-biased technical change （IBTECH） index from the Malmquist total factor productivity index. And we further presented the technical change bias of 36 industrial sectors in China during the period from 1999 to 2012 according to the IBTEOI-I index. Empirical results contain three as pects. Firstly, the general effect of biased technical change can improve the total factor productivity in China. The IBTECH indices in nearly all sectors are greater than 1 during the period from 1999 to 2012, the 10th FYP and 11 th FYP periods. And its contribution to TFP has been enhancing since 2007. Secondly, the bias of China＇s industrial technical change has shown the feature of energy-saving that it is energy-saving between factor pairs of energy-capital and energy-intermediates. Thirdly, the tendency of energy-saving technical change has been strengthened in recent years, more sectors in the 1 l＇h FYP period show energy-saving technical change compared to that in the 11 th FYP period, and the trend is even more obvious in the 7 sectors whose annual emissions surpass 1 billion t. The results are meaningful to the emissions reduction in China＇s industry. Besides, the result also implies that the deregulation of energy price and other policies in China have induced energy-saving technical change in the past tens of years.