CAJ | 학술논문

改革开放以来,我国经历了快速的城镇化进程。在经济高速增长的同时,也产生了诸如环境污染等危害居民健康的负面问题。利用2005-2011年中国31个省份的面板数据,运用固定效应模型和随机效应模型对城镇化与居民健康状况之间的关系进行实证分析。研究发现：城镇化率每上升10%,人均预期寿命增加0.37%,新生儿死亡率下降2.48%。城镇化对居民健康状况的影响还存在显著的地区差异。城镇化对东部地区和中部地区居民健康的促进作用显著大于西部地区。城镇化主要通过提高居民健康意识、促进医疗资源的增加、医疗保险制度的不断完善和公共卫生基础设施投入等途径增加人均预期寿命,改善居民健康水平。本文的政策含义在于,政府可以通过推进城镇化来改善居民的健康水平,使城镇化真正造福于人。因而,未来推进城镇化的重点应在西部地区。
개혁개방이래,아국경력료쾌속적성진화진정。재경제고속증장적동시,야산생료제여배경오염등위해거민건강적부면문제。이용2005-2011년중국31개성빈적면판수거,운용고정효응모형화수궤효응모형대성진화여거민건강상황지간적관계진행실증분석。연구발현：성진화솔매상승10%,인균예기수명증가0.37%,신생인사망솔하강2.48%。성진화대거민건강상황적영향환존재현저적지구차이。성진화대동부지구화중부지구거민건강적촉진작용현저대우서부지구。성진화주요통과제고거민건강의식、촉진의료자원적증가、의료보험제도적불단완선화공공위생기출설시투입등도경증가인균예기수명,개선거민건강수평。본문적정책함의재우,정부가이통과추진성진화래개선거민적건강수평,사성진화진정조복우인。인이,미래추진성진화적중점응재서부지구。
Since the reform and opening-up, China has achieved high economic growth and rapid urbanization process. However, there are some problems such as air pollution which may be harmful to people＇s health. Urbanization may have unambiguous effect on people＇s health. On the one hand, urbanization can improve population＇s health by providing better access to health care services, more health information, better education, higher income and more economics opportunities. On the other hand, urbanization may harm people＇s health through environmental pollution, more sedentary work, less sports activities, high-fat diet, higher obesity and blood pressure occurrence rate. Based on 2005 -2011 provincial panel data, this paper used fixed effect model and random effect model to eliminate the bias caused by the unobserved heterogeneity and establish the causal effect of urbanization on health. We used percentage of urban population to measure the urbanization, and life expectancy, infant mortality and prenatal mortality to measure population＇s health. The results show that 10 percent increase in urbanization leads to 0.37 percent increase in life expectancy, 2.48 percent decrease in infant mortality. Moreover, the effect of urbanization on people＇s health shows regional differences. Compared to the western regions, 10 percent increase in urbanization rate in eastern regions will cause 2.86 percent decrease in infant mortality and 29.56 percent decrease in prenatal mortality. 10 percent increase in urbanization rate in middle regions will cause 2.46 percent decrease in infant mortality and 24.29 percent decrease in prenatal mortality. Therefore, urbanization brings more health benefits for eastern and middle regions than for western regions. Urbanization improves people＇s health mainly by increasing health awareness, health care resources, universal health insurance system and public health infrastructure investment. The primary policy implication is that population health can be improved through the process of urbanization, so that urbanization really can benefit human beings. The future focus of urbanization should be on western regions and more emphasis should be put on input of public health resources to eliminate the gap in health care delivery between urban and rural areas and increase the public health levels and social security system.