CAJ | 학술논문

农业要素禀赋结构是分析我国有关农业经济问题的逻辑起点,也是决定农业经济增长的基础因素。为了揭示我国农业要素禀赋结构变化的一般规律,本文在解析我国农业要素禀赋结构变化原因的基础上,通过构建要素禀赋结构指数,应用探索性空间数据分析方法,对改革开放以来我国各地区农业要素禀赋结构的演变过程、空间自相关性及其异质性进行了分析。研究表明：1要素间的相对价格变化、替代性及流动性差异是要素禀赋结构发生变化的内因,二元经济结构、制度性障碍及各要素面临的外部环境差异是其变化的外因;2总体上我国农业各要素比重相当,农业资本要素比重略高,但其波动最为明显,而土地要素结构指数则最为稳定,我国西南地区部分省份的农业劳动力份额不断上升,农业资本和土地要素比重有所下降,而东部沿海地区的农业资本要素比重大幅提升,另外两种要素份额呈现不同程度下降;3我国农业要素结构存在显著的空间正相关性,农业劳动力要素的空间集聚性最强,农业土地的空间特性较为稳定,而农业劳动力和农业资本要素的空间自相关程度正逐渐减小;4我国农业要素禀赋结构呈现出局部的时空异质性,部分地区间农业土地要素结构指数的空间差异呈现出扩大趋势,内蒙古、陕西、黑龙江和吉林是我国农业土地要素结构指数的热点区;5农业劳动力结构指数的不稳定区域逐步增多,新疆、宁夏、内蒙古、西藏四个地区由低低类型向低高类型集聚转变,我国农业劳动力结构指数显著水平较高的地区逐渐地由中东部地区向西南地区转移。最后,提出新型农业生产经营体系的构建、农业产业结构的优化以及农产品对外贸易结构的调整要与农业要素禀赋结构的变化相适应。同时,应从健全农村金融体制机制、深化农村土地制度改革、提高农业劳动力转移等方面着手,完善各要素市场,促进我国农业要素禀赋结构的优化升级。農業要素稟賦結構是分析我國有關農業經濟問題的邏輯起點,也是決定農業經濟增長的基礎因素。為瞭揭示我國農業要素稟賦結構變化的一般規律,本文在解析我國農業要素稟賦結構變化原因的基礎上,通過構建要素稟賦結構指數,應用探索性空間數據分析方法,對改革開放以來我國各地區農業要素稟賦結構的縯變過程、空間自相關性及其異質性進行瞭分析。研究錶明：1要素間的相對價格變化、替代性及流動性差異是要素稟賦結構髮生變化的內因,二元經濟結構、製度性障礙及各要素麵臨的外部環境差異是其變化的外因;2總體上我國農業各要素比重相噹,農業資本要素比重略高,但其波動最為明顯,而土地要素結構指數則最為穩定,我國西南地區部分省份的農業勞動力份額不斷上升,農業資本和土地要素比重有所下降,而東部沿海地區的農業資本要素比重大幅提升,另外兩種要素份額呈現不同程度下降;3我國農業要素結構存在顯著的空間正相關性,農業勞動力要素的空間集聚性最彊,農業土地的空間特性較為穩定,而農業勞動力和農業資本要素的空間自相關程度正逐漸減小;4我國農業要素稟賦結構呈現齣跼部的時空異質性,部分地區間農業土地要素結構指數的空間差異呈現齣擴大趨勢,內矇古、陝西、黑龍江和吉林是我國農業土地要素結構指數的熱點區;5農業勞動力結構指數的不穩定區域逐步增多,新疆、寧夏、內矇古、西藏四箇地區由低低類型嚮低高類型集聚轉變,我國農業勞動力結構指數顯著水平較高的地區逐漸地由中東部地區嚮西南地區轉移。最後,提齣新型農業生產經營體繫的構建、農業產業結構的優化以及農產品對外貿易結構的調整要與農業要素稟賦結構的變化相適應。同時,應從健全農村金融體製機製、深化農村土地製度改革、提高農業勞動力轉移等方麵著手,完善各要素市場,促進我國農業要素稟賦結構的優化升級。
농업요소품부결구시분석아국유관농업경제문제적라집기점,야시결정농업경제증장적기출인소。위료게시아국농업요소품부결구변화적일반규률,본문재해석아국농업요소품부결구변화원인적기출상,통과구건요소품부결구지수,응용탐색성공간수거분석방법,대개혁개방이래아국각지구농업요소품부결구적연변과정、공간자상관성급기이질성진행료분석。연구표명：1요소간적상대개격변화、체대성급류동성차이시요소품부결구발생변화적내인,이원경제결구、제도성장애급각요소면림적외부배경차이시기변화적외인;2총체상아국농업각요소비중상당,농업자본요소비중략고,단기파동최위명현,이토지요소결구지수칙최위은정,아국서남지구부분성빈적농업노동력빈액불단상승,농업자본화토지요소비중유소하강,이동부연해지구적농업자본요소비중대폭제승,령외량충요소빈액정현불동정도하강;3아국농업요소결구존재현저적공간정상관성,농업노동력요소적공간집취성최강,농업토지적공간특성교위은정,이농업노동력화농업자본요소적공간자상관정도정축점감소;4아국농업요소품부결구정현출국부적시공이질성,부분지구간농업토지요소결구지수적공간차이정현출확대추세,내몽고、협서、흑룡강화길림시아국농업토지요소결구지수적열점구;5농업노동력결구지수적불은정구역축보증다,신강、저하、내몽고、서장사개지구유저저류형향저고류형집취전변,아국농업노동력결구지수현저수평교고적지구축점지유중동부지구향서남지구전이。최후,제출신형농업생산경영체계적구건、농업산업결구적우화이급농산품대외무역결구적조정요여농업요소품부결구적변화상괄응。동시,응종건전농촌금융체제궤제、심화농촌토지제도개혁、제고농업노동력전이등방면착수,완선각요소시장,촉진아국농업요소품부결구적우화승급。
Structure of agricultural factor endowments is the logical starting point to analyze agricuhural economy problems in China as well as the basic factor which determines agricultural economic growth. In order to reveal the general law of agricultural factor endowment structure change in China, the paper analyzed the evolution process, space autocorrelation and heterogeneity of structure of agricultural factor endowments of China since the reform and opening up on the basis of analyzing the cause of agricultural factor endowment structure changes in China and building structure index of factor endowments as well as using exploratory spatial data analysis methods. The results show that：（1） The relative price changes, the replacement and liquidity differences are the internal factors causing endowment structure changes while dual economic structure, institutional obstacles and external environment differences are the external factors; （2） On the whole, the proportion of agriculture elements in our country is equal, the proportion of agriculture capital factors is slightly higher but its fluctuation is the most obvious, and the index of land element structure is the most stable. Agricultural labor share has risen, and agricultural capital as well as land factor share has decreased in some provinces of the southwest region of China, while the proportion of agricultural capital has increased substantially but agricultural labor share and land factor share shows varying degrees of decline in eastern coastal areas of China; （3） Structure of agricultural factor of our country has significant spatial positive correlation, and the spatial agglomeration of agricultural labor elements is the strongest. Spatial characteristics of agricultural land are relatively stable, while the spatial autocorrelation degree between the agricultural labor and agricultural capital has gradually reduced; （4）China＇ s agriculture factor endowments structure presents a local spatial and temporal heterogeneity. There is an expanding trend of spatial differences of agricultural land factor structure index. For example, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Heilongjiang and Jilin are hotspots of agricultural land factor structure index; （5）Areas with unstable agricultural labor structure index increased gradually. For example, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Tibet have changed from low-low type to low-high type concentration; the regions whose index of agricultural labor structure is significantly higher are gradualIy shifting from central and eastern to the southwest. Finally, our paper proposed that the construction of new agricultural production and management system, the optimization of agriculture industry structure and the adjustment of the structure of foreign trade of agricultural products should be adapt to changes of agricultural factor endowment structure. At the same time, we should perfect the rural financial system and mechanism, deepen the reform of rural land system, improve agricultural labor transfer and so on to improve every element market and promote the optimization and upgrading of agriculture factor endowment structure in China.