中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2015年
7期
113~119
,共null页
生猪养殖 环境污染 治理成本内部化 适度规模
生豬養殖 環境汙染 治理成本內部化 適度規模
생저양식 배경오염 치리성본내부화 괄도규모
pig farming; environment pollution; internalizing the environment cost; optimum-scale
本文基于对江苏省阜宁县261个生猪养殖户的实地调查,从生猪养殖投入与产出的角度,考察了生猪养殖规模报酬情况。研究发现,考虑生猪养殖综合技术水平与资本、劳动力和土地等生产要素对生猪规模产量的影响,阜宁县生猪养殖存在规模报酬递减。由此,如果政府单纯出于提高生猪规模产量的目的,鼓励养殖户扩大养殖规模,满足猪肉市场需求的政策并不可取。研究还发现,当养殖户不承担相应的环境污染治理成本时,最佳的养殖规模在600-800头之间;当环境污染治理成本内部化时,最佳的养殖规模在31-35头之间。与此同时,生猪的市场价格与政府政策因素也影响最佳的生猪养殖规模。生猪的市场价格越高,则最佳养殖规模量越大;政府的目标函数不同,最佳养殖规模量也将随之改变。故政府应该根据生猪产业分工的区域发展目标,制定相应的政策策略,通过政策调节区域内不同层次的养殖主体的生猪养殖规模保持在一个合理的区间内,以实现经济效益与环境效益的统一。
本文基于對江囌省阜寧縣261箇生豬養殖戶的實地調查,從生豬養殖投入與產齣的角度,攷察瞭生豬養殖規模報酬情況。研究髮現,攷慮生豬養殖綜閤技術水平與資本、勞動力和土地等生產要素對生豬規模產量的影響,阜寧縣生豬養殖存在規模報酬遞減。由此,如果政府單純齣于提高生豬規模產量的目的,鼓勵養殖戶擴大養殖規模,滿足豬肉市場需求的政策併不可取。研究還髮現,噹養殖戶不承擔相應的環境汙染治理成本時,最佳的養殖規模在600-800頭之間;噹環境汙染治理成本內部化時,最佳的養殖規模在31-35頭之間。與此同時,生豬的市場價格與政府政策因素也影響最佳的生豬養殖規模。生豬的市場價格越高,則最佳養殖規模量越大;政府的目標函數不同,最佳養殖規模量也將隨之改變。故政府應該根據生豬產業分工的區域髮展目標,製定相應的政策策略,通過政策調節區域內不同層次的養殖主體的生豬養殖規模保持在一箇閤理的區間內,以實現經濟效益與環境效益的統一。
본문기우대강소성부저현261개생저양식호적실지조사,종생저양식투입여산출적각도,고찰료생저양식규모보수정황。연구발현,고필생저양식종합기술수평여자본、노동력화토지등생산요소대생저규모산량적영향,부저현생저양식존재규모보수체감。유차,여과정부단순출우제고생저규모산량적목적,고려양식호확대양식규모,만족저육시장수구적정책병불가취。연구환발현,당양식호불승담상응적배경오염치리성본시,최가적양식규모재600-800두지간;당배경오염치리성본내부화시,최가적양식규모재31-35두지간。여차동시,생저적시장개격여정부정책인소야영향최가적생저양식규모。생저적시장개격월고,칙최가양식규모량월대;정부적목표함수불동,최가양식규모량야장수지개변。고정부응해근거생저산업분공적구역발전목표,제정상응적정책책략,통과정책조절구역내불동층차적양식주체적생저양식규모보지재일개합리적구간내,이실현경제효익여배경효익적통일。
Based on the investigation of 261 pig farmers from Funing Country, Jiangsu province, this paper examined the returns to scale in pig fanning from the perspective of input and output of pig farming. The results indicate that taking the effect of comprehensive technical level on pig farming, capital, labor and land into account, pig farming in Funing Country is at the decreasing stage of returns to scale. Thus, it is undesirable to encourage farmers to expand the scale of farming and then to meet the demand of pork market if the government is just from promoting pig output angle. We also found that, when pig farmers don＇ t bear the cost of environmental pollution control, the optimum-scale is between 600 herds and 800 herds; when pig farmers bear the whole cost of environmental pollution control, the optimum-scale is between 31 herds and 35 herds. Meanwhile, the price of pigs and government policy also affect optimum-scale. In a word, the price of pigs is higher; the optimum-scale is larger; the government＇ s objective function can change the optimum-scale. Therefore, in order to realize the unification of the economic and environmental benefits, the government should formulate the corresponding policies on the basis of the division of pig industry, and affect the scale of farming within a reasonable range through policies.
