CAJ | 학술논문

在马克思的理论视野中，资产阶级在政治与经济领域所持有的观念形态继承了宗教（基督教）以抽象的精神观念能动地把握世界的方式，从而都具有了唯灵论特征。因而，马克思把对宗教唯灵论的批判看作是政治与经济领域批判的前提。在政治领域中，资产阶级思想家把私有财产制度抽象人格化，从简单的经济关系出发来论证自由和平等，从而使建立在这种抽象人格基础上的自由和平等等政治国家的政治理念日益抽象化，并支配着社会成员的头脑且企图实现所谓的普遍利益而具有唯灵论特征；在经济领域中，资本拜物教是商品拜物教、货币拜物教的最高峰，资本这一抽象的“死劳动”借助于雇佣劳动这一“活劳动”得以不断增殖从而具有了支配人的灵性。马克思对这三种唯灵论批判的意图在于提醒人们要搞清楚资本主义制度所包含的矛盾以及资本主义社会的现实形态和观念形态之间的差别，不被抽象观念所支配，从而唤醒工人阶级的彻底的革命意识。
재마극사적이론시야중，자산계급재정치여경제영역소지유적관념형태계승료종교（기독교）이추상적정신관념능동지파악세계적방식，종이도구유료유령론특정。인이，마극사파대종교유령론적비판간작시정치여경제영역비판적전제。재정치영역중，자산계급사상가파사유재산제도추상인격화，종간단적경제관계출발래론증자유화평등，종이사건립재저충추상인격기출상적자유화평등등정치국가적정치이념일익추상화，병지배착사회성원적두뇌차기도실현소위적보편이익이구유유령론특정；재경제영역중，자본배물교시상품배물교、화폐배물교적최고봉，자본저일추상적“사노동”차조우고용노동저일“활노동”득이불단증식종이구유료지배인적령성。마극사대저삼충유령론비판적의도재우제성인문요고청초자본주의제도소포함적모순이급자본주의사회적현실형태화관념형태지간적차별，불피추상관념소지배，종이환성공인계급적철저적혁명의식。
In the field of Marxist theory, the bourgeois ideology in the political and economic fields inherited some religious （Christianity） ways of dynamic grasping the world by the spiritual and abstract concept, which have the characteristics of Spiritualism. In the political sphere, the bourgeois thinkers generalized private property system into abstraction and personification and demonstrated freedom and equality starting with simple economic relations so that political ideas based on the abstract personality, such as, freedom and equality, became increasingly abstract, dominated minds of society members and attempted to achieve the so-called general interest, which have the characteristics of Spiritualism; In the economic field, the capital fetishism is the top of commodity fetishism and money fetishism. The capital, the so-called dead labor, is proliferated by wage labor, the so-called living labor, which have also the characteristics of Spiritualism. The intent on Marx＇s critique of these three Spiritualisms is to remind people to figure out contradictions of capitalist system and the difference between reality and ideology of capitalist society and not to dominated by abstract concepts, so as to awaken the complete revolutionary consciousness of the working class.