CAJ | 학술논문

从西方污名研究的传统来看，心理学派倾向于从个体出发解说污名；社会学派多采取从社会出发的解释路径；人类学的视角避免了个体与社会的二元困境，将污名作为人类应对危险的道德体验和社会现象来理解，为反思和推进当下流行的以污名化的逻辑来解释、应对污名现象的理论和实践提供了可能性。在中国的社会和文化背景下，聚焦于精神疾病和艾滋病污名的人类学田野调查揭示，要理解特定社会中与疾病相关的污名产生的根源，应该尝试超越单纯从疾病出发的视角，关注特定社会和文化中关于人的定义；而要探讨污名的维系机制，则应把污名从静态的社会观念和态度重置回日常生活世界的场景，作为动态的社会过程来理解。
종서방오명연구적전통래간，심이학파경향우종개체출발해설오명；사회학파다채취종사회출발적해석로경；인류학적시각피면료개체여사회적이원곤경，장오명작위인류응대위험적도덕체험화사회현상래리해，위반사화추진당하류행적이오명화적라집래해석、응대오명현상적이론화실천제공료가능성。재중국적사회화문화배경하，취초우정신질병화애자병오명적인류학전야조사게시，요리해특정사회중여질병상관적오명산생적근원，응해상시초월단순종질병출발적시각，관주특정사회화문화중관우인적정의；이요탐토오명적유계궤제，칙응파오명종정태적사회관념화태도중치회일상생활세계적장경，작위동태적사회과정래리해。
Psychology, sociology and anthropology have been the major fields of stigma studies in the West. Traditionally, psychological researches on stigma features an individualist perspective, while sociologists normally base their explanation of stigma on social structure and order. Anthropologists prefer to understand stigma as a universal moral experience of dealing with danger and threat faced by people in their life-world. A detailed ethnography of stigma related to mental illnesses and HIV/AIDS in the Chinese context suggests that in any society and culture, the definition of person rather than the medical, social and cultural construction of these diseases should be paid more attention in exploring the origin of stigma, while the maintaining mechanism of stigma will not be revealed until we reconfigure stigma as a dynamic social process rather than a static social attitude toward those who suffering these illnesse.