CAJ | 학술논문

古镇类旅游地的居住空间在旅游商业化的影响下发生变迁,居住空间的相关研究是社会空间研究的重要组成部分,对古镇居住空间变迁的研究是理解旅游驱动旅游地社会空间变迁作用机制的重要切入点。研究以周庄古镇历史镇区为案例地,通过质性研究的方法对周庄居住空间变迁进行调查,并展开分析,发现周庄历史镇区的居住空间形成了使用者多元化、空间功能多样化、空间分布破碎化的变迁特征,认为产生变迁的根源是旅游发展后新主体大量涌入,其基于各自的立场而对旅游商业化有着不同的理解与评价标准,而这种源于利益考量的理解与评价的差异与变化产生了对古镇旅游商业开发的不同行为,本地社会关系在这种频繁的实践与互动过程中不断复杂化,出现新的空间,居住空间发生变迁。游客是居住空间变迁的主要依据,其好恶的变化引导了市场变化,旅游市场供给方积极响应变化,满足游客的需求;政府是变迁的主导力量;开发商通过资本优势影响政府,强化了政府在变迁中的作用;本地世居居民是旅游发展前居住空间的建构者,旅游发展后发生分化;外来旅游从业者涌入,置换本地居民,传统社区共同体瓦解,推动了变迁。
고진류여유지적거주공간재여유상업화적영향하발생변천,거주공간적상관연구시사회공간연구적중요조성부분,대고진거주공간변천적연구시리해여유구동여유지사회공간변천작용궤제적중요절입점。연구이주장고진역사진구위안례지,통과질성연구적방법대주장거주공간변천진행조사,병전개분석,발현주장역사진구적거주공간형성료사용자다원화、공간공능다양화、공간분포파쇄화적변천특정,인위산생변천적근원시여유발전후신주체대량용입,기기우각자적립장이대여유상업화유착불동적리해여평개표준,이저충원우이익고량적리해여평개적차이여변화산생료대고진여유상업개발적불동행위,본지사회관계재저충빈번적실천여호동과정중불단복잡화,출현신적공간,거주공간발생변천。유객시거주공간변천적주요의거,기호악적변화인도료시장변화,여유시장공급방적겁향응변화,만족유객적수구;정부시변천적주도역량;개발상통과자본우세영향정부,강화료정부재변천중적작용;본지세거거민시여유발전전거주공간적건구자,여유발전후발생분화;외래여유종업자용입,치환본지거민,전통사구공동체와해,추동료변천。
Tourism social impact research is currently an important area of the tourism geography research field. In the last 30 years of tourism development, China＇s ancient towns have become an important tourism resource. The flourishing tourism market has provided many business opportunities for local development. Such destination commercialization that is driven by tourism is of particular interest to tourism researchers. Tourism commercialization has different levels of influence on ancient towns. Importantly, it has influenced the residential space in China＇s ancient towns, leading to changes in their traditional residential spaces. Residential space encompasses the buildings associated with daily living and relates to the social space for local residents. Therefore, residential space research is an important element in social space research. Residential space research facilitates the understanding of the evolution of the social space in a tourism destination.The town of Zhouzhuang is a popular tourist destination in Jiangsu province of eastern China. It is a famous water township that contains many well preserved ancient residences. Rivers and lakes surround Zhouzhuang and numerous waterways intersect its streets. This study investigates and analyzes the evolution of Zhouzhuang＇s residential space as driven by tourism commercialization using a qualitative research method. As a result of this research it was found that the evolution of Zhouzhuang＇s residential space had three stages： a relatively stationary phase, a stable sprawl phase and a rapid development phase. The evolution characteristics of the residential space of Zhouzhuang＇s historical township included user and function diversification and spatial distribution fragmentation.Zhouzhuang＇s residential space evolution is the result of local social relationships complicated by the social interactions among the different tourism participants. Tourism participants have different understandings of tourism commercialization based on their individual perspectives. Their requirements resulted in various business development behaviors in the ancient town. Tourists were the basis of the residential space evolution. Changing tourist needs and preferences are a guide for market change.The tourism market caters to the tourists＇ preferences and this leads to space adjustments. The local government is the dominant force behind the residential space evolution and the local enterprises further support the government＇s actions through capital provision. Local people are the main builders of the residential space prior to an area becoming a tourism destination; however, tourism developments can cause the breakup of a local community. The high pace of tourism development in Zhouzhuang and the influx of people into the historical township from abroad working in the tourism industry led to changes in the local residential space and caused the traditional community to disintegrate.