CAJ | 학술논문

生态批评属于文本和文化研究的范畴,于20世纪70年代末发轫于西方国家,尤其是在美国。生态批评本质上探索的是人类社会和超人类世界,即人和＂自然＂之间复杂的、动态的关系。本文概述了生态批评发展过程中的第一次浪潮、第二浪潮和第三次浪潮,同时列举了北美以外世界各地出现的各种生态批评范式,其中就包括中国的生态批评。从根本上说,生态批评致力于揭示人类如何理解自己和他者的关系,以及为什么作为个人和作为一个物种的我们,会以现在这样的行为方式与自然界互动,哪怕这样的行为实际上违背了我们自己的最大利益,有时甚至是危及我们的基本生存。环境哲学家和生态批评家有时使用＂生命之爱＂（对生物的爱）和＂生态恐惧症＂（对自然的厌恶和恐惧）这类词汇来描述人类对自然的态度。生态批评被描述为＂环境角度的文学和文化研究＂。然而,生态批评关注的最根本的是,我们人类是如何思考的,如何使用语言和其他文化表现形式的,以及我们与超人类世界的互动如何丰富并挑战了我们的生活。
생태비평속우문본화문화연구적범주,우20세기70년대말발인우서방국가,우기시재미국。생태비평본질상탐색적시인류사회화초인류세계,즉인화＂자연＂지간복잡적、동태적관계。본문개술료생태비평발전과정중적제일차랑조、제이랑조화제삼차랑조,동시열거료북미이외세계각지출현적각충생태비평범식,기중취포괄중국적생태비평。종근본상설,생태비평치력우게시인류여하리해자기화타자적관계,이급위십요작위개인화작위일개물충적아문,회이현재저양적행위방식여자연계호동,나파저양적행위실제상위배료아문자기적최대이익,유시심지시위급아문적기본생존。배경철학가화생태비평가유시사용＂생명지애＂（대생물적애）화＂생태공구증＂（대자연적염악화공구）저류사회래묘술인류대자연적태도。생태비평피묘술위＂배경각도적문학화문화연구＂。연이,생태비평관주적최근본적시,아문인류시여하사고적,여하사용어언화기타문화표현형식적,이급아문여초인류세계적호동여하봉부병도전료아문적생활。
Ecocriticism is a field of textual and cultural studies that emerged in Western countries, such as the United States, in the late-1970 s. Ecocriticism in nature explores the complicated, changing relationships between human society and the more-than-human world—between people and ＂nature＂. This article briefly summarizes the development of ecocriticism through its first-wave, second-wave, and third-wave phases. The article also offers examples of various non-North American varieties of ecocriticism, including Chinese ecocriticism. Ecocriticism basically tries to reveal how human beings understand themselves in relation to ＂the other＂ and why we, as individualsand as a species, behave as we do in our interactions with the natural world, even when our behaviors sometimes work against our own best interests, sometimes our very survival. Environmental philosophers and ecocritics sometimes use words such as ＂biophilia＂（love of living things）and ＂ecophobia＂（dislike or fear of nature）to describe human attitudes toward nature. The field of ecocriticism can be described as ＂literary and cultural studies from an environmental perspective＂. Still, on the most basic level, ecocriticism is concerned with human beings—how we think, how we use language and other forms of cultural expression, and how our own lives are enriched and challenged by our engagement with the more-than-human world.