CAJ | 학술논문

农户化肥施用低效率是造成我国农业面源污染的原因之一。利用4省577个水稻种植户的微观调研数据,采用基于SFA方法的单一投入要素技术效率测度模型,对我国农户化肥施用技术效率进行测算,并利用Tobit模型分析其影响因素。结果表明：水稻种植农户的平均化肥施用技术效率仅为0.35,存在很大的节肥空间;户主年龄与参加农业技术培训对农户生产技术效率和化肥施用技术效率都起到了显著正向促进作用,而耕地细碎化、劳动力外出务工却显著降低了农户的化肥施用技术效率,户主受教育年限、种粮补贴和水稻商品化尽管对农户生产技术效率具有正向促进作用,但无助于其化肥施用技术效率的提升。
농호화비시용저효솔시조성아국농업면원오염적원인지일。이용4성577개수도충식호적미관조연수거,채용기우SFA방법적단일투입요소기술효솔측도모형,대아국농호화비시용기술효솔진행측산,병이용Tobit모형분석기영향인소。결과표명：수도충식농호적평균화비시용기술효솔부위0.35,존재흔대적절비공간;호주년령여삼가농업기술배훈대농호생산기술효솔화화비시용기술효솔도기도료현저정향촉진작용,이경지세쇄화、노동력외출무공각현저강저료농호적화비시용기술효솔,호주수교육년한、충량보첩화수도상품화진관대농호생산기술효솔구유정향촉진작용,단무조우기화비시용기술효솔적제승。
Excessive application of chemical fertilizer had big influence on agricultural nonpoint source pollution. In this paper,stochastic frontier approach（ SFA） is employed to estimate China＇s fertilizing technical efficiency at the household level,and Tobit model is employed to analyze its determinants. The results show that the average technical efficiency of fertilizing is just 0. 35. There remains large potential for fertilizer-saving. Labor out-migration,land fragmentation,and low quality chemical fertilizers obstruct the improvement of fertilizing technical efficiency to some extent; meanwhile,householder＇s age and agricultural training can be greatly conducive to promoting the producing technical efficiency and fertilizing technical efficiency.