心理科学进展
心理科學進展
심이과학진전
Advances In Psychological Science
2015年
7期
1151~1159
,共null页
梁秀玲 李鹏 陈庆飞 雷怡 李红
樑秀玲 李鵬 陳慶飛 雷怡 李紅
량수령 리붕 진경비 뢰이 리홍
提取 测试效应 功能性核磁共振 认知神经机制 学习与记忆
提取 測試效應 功能性覈磁共振 認知神經機製 學習與記憶
제취 측시효응 공능성핵자공진 인지신경궤제 학습여기억
retrieval practice; testing effect; fMRI; neuro-cognitive mechanism; learning and memory
研究表明提取学习相比简单重复学习更加益于记忆的保持。近期的脑成像研究发现,与简单重复学习相比,提取学习时前额叶、顶下叶、颞叶及一些皮层下结构的脑激活更大,这些脑区的激活也能预测随后的记忆成绩。这些研究表明,在更多认知资源的投入和工作记忆系统的参与下,提取学习是一个获得、加工、整合和巩固语义关系的过程。提取学习充分调用认知和情感、皮层与皮层下机能,同时还发挥语义和情景记忆优势来促进学习与记忆。
研究錶明提取學習相比簡單重複學習更加益于記憶的保持。近期的腦成像研究髮現,與簡單重複學習相比,提取學習時前額葉、頂下葉、顳葉及一些皮層下結構的腦激活更大,這些腦區的激活也能預測隨後的記憶成績。這些研究錶明,在更多認知資源的投入和工作記憶繫統的參與下,提取學習是一箇穫得、加工、整閤和鞏固語義關繫的過程。提取學習充分調用認知和情感、皮層與皮層下機能,同時還髮揮語義和情景記憶優勢來促進學習與記憶。
연구표명제취학습상비간단중복학습경가익우기억적보지。근기적뇌성상연구발현,여간단중복학습상비,제취학습시전액협、정하협、섭협급일사피층하결구적뇌격활경대,저사뇌구적격활야능예측수후적기억성적。저사연구표명,재경다인지자원적투입화공작기억계통적삼여하,제취학습시일개획득、가공、정합화공고어의관계적과정。제취학습충분조용인지화정감、피층여피층하궤능,동시환발휘어의화정경기억우세래촉진학습여기억。
Previous studies have shown that retrieval practice led to greater retention than repeated studying. Recent fMRI studies provide insight by showing that several enhanced brain regions associated with retrieval practice but not with restudying, such as the inferior frontal cortex, inferior parietal lobe, middle temporal areas and parts of subcortical brain regions. Increased activity in these areas during retrieval practice can predict the final performance. It is assumed that the process of retrieval practice involved more mental resources. On the basis of working memory, the retrieval practice was regarded as a systematic representation of semantic relation, including acquisition, processing, integration and consolidation process. In fact, retrieval practice not only makes full use of the cognitive and affective, cortical and subcortical functions, but also plays the advantages of semantic and episodic memory to facilitate learning and memory.