CAJ | 학술논문

在非物质文化遗产保护运动兴起之前,尚未被视作＂非物质文化遗产＂的＂非物质文化遗产＂究竟是如何传承的？而获得＂文化遗产代表作＂身份之后,它们又将会如何传承下去？这是非常值得人们关注和感兴趣的两个话题。对于这两个问题而言,作为第二批申报通过的国家级非物质文化遗产代表作之一的湖北利川＂肉连响＂舞蹈是一个非常具有代表性的案例。笔者通过田野调查了解到,目前已知的三代传承人对自己所从事的这门技艺的理解其实是不一样的。从口述史材料中,我们可以洞悉＂非正式传承＂方式在民间文化传承系统中所发挥出来的不可忽视的力量。这也使我们理应认真反思以往我们对文化遗产传承方式的片面认识,从而真正理解文化遗产的＂活态性＂和＂流变性＂[1]不仅仅局限于文化遗产本身的形态,也显现于其传承方式之中,是会随着时代环境的改变而改观的。
재비물질문화유산보호운동흥기지전,상미피시작＂비물질문화유산＂적＂비물질문화유산＂구경시여하전승적？이획득＂문화유산대표작＂신빈지후,타문우장회여하전승하거？저시비상치득인문관주화감흥취적량개화제。대우저량개문제이언,작위제이비신보통과적국가급비물질문화유산대표작지일적호북리천＂육련향＂무도시일개비상구유대표성적안례。필자통과전야조사료해도,목전이지적삼대전승인대자기소종사적저문기예적리해기실시불일양적。종구술사재료중,아문가이동실＂비정식전승＂방식재민간문화전승계통중소발휘출래적불가홀시적역량。저야사아문리응인진반사이왕아문대문화유산전승방식적편면인식,종이진정리해문화유산적＂활태성＂화＂류변성＂[1]불부부국한우문화유산본신적형태,야현현우기전승방식지중,시회수착시대배경적개변이개관적。
How those Masterpieces of the intangible cultural heritage inherited by Chinese people before the international movements of intangible cultural heritage happened？ And how will they be continuing after they became the ＂Masterpieces＂？ If we try to answer both of the two questions,some cases like Roulianxiang dance in Hubei province are very useful and profound specimens.The author＇s fieldwork showed that there were at least three inheritors during the past century,but those three men learned Roulianxiang dance by different ways. they also have very different ideas about this dance in their oral histories for the dance. the informal ways of inheritance played very important role in that history. These phenomenons let us think about the variety of inheritance ways of the intangible cultural heritage. Not only in the heritage,but activity and change factors are also existed in the course of inheritance.