中国流通经济
中國流通經濟
중국류통경제
China Business and Market
2015年
8期
9~15
,共null页
收购商主导的供应链模式 利益分配 成本收益 蔬菜供应链
收購商主導的供應鏈模式 利益分配 成本收益 蔬菜供應鏈
수구상주도적공응련모식 이익분배 성본수익 소채공응련
supplier-dominated supply chain model; benefit distribution; cost-benefit; vegetable supply chain
蔬菜产业是我国最重要的农业产业之一,蔬菜供应链利益分配合理与否事关我国蔬菜产业健康发展。对海南青椒到北京以及长阳萝卜到广州两条典型收购商主导的蔬菜供应链进行跟踪调查,剖析整个供应链各环节成本收益状况发现,农户获得了蔬菜供应链利润中的绝大部分,收购商在供应链中的获利较为稳定,零售商基本仅能获得人工工资甚至仅仅获得部分人工工资,而农户总收益不高的根源在于经营规模小,从生产者到消费者过程中导致蔬菜价格大幅度上涨最重要的原因是零售商销售规模太小,需要分摊的零售商劳动力成本过多。因此,扩大农户种植规模、发展轻简化生产、提高产业链整体利润是增加农户收入的主要途径;创新蔬菜零售业态、扩大零售商经营规模是降低零售价格的重要手段。
蔬菜產業是我國最重要的農業產業之一,蔬菜供應鏈利益分配閤理與否事關我國蔬菜產業健康髮展。對海南青椒到北京以及長暘蘿蔔到廣州兩條典型收購商主導的蔬菜供應鏈進行跟蹤調查,剖析整箇供應鏈各環節成本收益狀況髮現,農戶穫得瞭蔬菜供應鏈利潤中的絕大部分,收購商在供應鏈中的穫利較為穩定,零售商基本僅能穫得人工工資甚至僅僅穫得部分人工工資,而農戶總收益不高的根源在于經營規模小,從生產者到消費者過程中導緻蔬菜價格大幅度上漲最重要的原因是零售商銷售規模太小,需要分攤的零售商勞動力成本過多。因此,擴大農戶種植規模、髮展輕簡化生產、提高產業鏈整體利潤是增加農戶收入的主要途徑;創新蔬菜零售業態、擴大零售商經營規模是降低零售價格的重要手段。
소채산업시아국최중요적농업산업지일,소채공응련이익분배합리여부사관아국소채산업건강발전。대해남청초도북경이급장양라복도엄주량조전형수구상주도적소채공응련진행근종조사,부석정개공응련각배절성본수익상황발현,농호획득료소채공응련리윤중적절대부분,수구상재공응련중적획리교위은정,령수상기본부능획득인공공자심지부부획득부분인공공자,이농호총수익불고적근원재우경영규모소,종생산자도소비자과정중도치소채개격대폭도상창최중요적원인시령수상소수규모태소,수요분탄적령수상노동력성본과다。인차,확대농호충식규모、발전경간화생산、제고산업련정체리윤시증가농호수입적주요도경;창신소채령수업태、확대령수상경영규모시강저령수개격적중요수단。
Vegetable industry is one of the most important agricultural industries. If the benefit distribution in vegetable supply chain is reasonable or not is critical for the industry’s healthy development. Using the method of case study and based on the survey of green pepper supply chain from Hainan to Beijing and radish of that from Changyang to Guangzhou,both of which is dominated by vegetable supplier,the authors analyze cost-benefit of the whole vegetable supply chain in detail. The main conclusions are as follow：farmers received the vast majority of profits in vegetable supply chain while wholesalers’profits were stable and retailers only received part or total of labor wages. The reason for why the total income of farmers is not high is the small scale of operation. From farmers to vegetable consumers,the most important reason for the rapid rising vegetable price is the small size of retailers,and they should share the burden of retailers’labor cost. Therefore,expanding the planting scale, developing light streamline production and improving the profits of the whole industry chain are the main ways to increase farmers’ income. Making innovation in vegetable retailing industry and expanding operating scale of vegetable retailers is an important means to reduce vegetable retail price.
