系统工程理论与实践
繫統工程理論與實踐
계통공정이론여실천
Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice
2015年
7期
1791~1799
,共null页
拥挤收费 收费收入再分配 时间价值 效率 公平
擁擠收費 收費收入再分配 時間價值 效率 公平
옹제수비 수비수입재분배 시간개치 효솔 공평
congestion pricing;redistribution of toll revenue;value of time;efficiency;equity;
针对收费道路与公共交通并行的竞争交通系统, 在异质用户的出行时间价值服从均匀分布的假设下, 结合公共交通的边际成本定价和平均成本定价策略, 建立 了均衡交通模型, 分析了出行者的出行行为. 研究发现, 随着出行者时间价值之间的差异增大, 无论收费收入上交财政还是补贴公交,自驾车人数在不同定价策略下差距减小. 进一步, 基于效率和公平的准则, 考察了道路拥挤收费收入再分配原则所导致的系统总出行成本的变化情况, 对四种公交定价和道路收费收入再分配策略进行了对比分析. 研究表明, 当道路收费收入直接补贴给公交出行者时, 比较系统的总出行成本, 平均成本定价策略优于边际成本定价. 从公平角度分析, 当出行用户的时间价值差异不是很大时, 无论公交采取边际还是平均成本定价策略, 收费收入全部用于补贴公交用户会使得公平性提高. 最后, 算例结果验证了当固定成本足够大时, 受补贴的公交平均成本定价策略是一种较优的策略.
針對收費道路與公共交通併行的競爭交通繫統, 在異質用戶的齣行時間價值服從均勻分佈的假設下, 結閤公共交通的邊際成本定價和平均成本定價策略, 建立 瞭均衡交通模型, 分析瞭齣行者的齣行行為. 研究髮現, 隨著齣行者時間價值之間的差異增大, 無論收費收入上交財政還是補貼公交,自駕車人數在不同定價策略下差距減小. 進一步, 基于效率和公平的準則, 攷察瞭道路擁擠收費收入再分配原則所導緻的繫統總齣行成本的變化情況, 對四種公交定價和道路收費收入再分配策略進行瞭對比分析. 研究錶明, 噹道路收費收入直接補貼給公交齣行者時, 比較繫統的總齣行成本, 平均成本定價策略優于邊際成本定價. 從公平角度分析, 噹齣行用戶的時間價值差異不是很大時, 無論公交採取邊際還是平均成本定價策略, 收費收入全部用于補貼公交用戶會使得公平性提高. 最後, 算例結果驗證瞭噹固定成本足夠大時, 受補貼的公交平均成本定價策略是一種較優的策略.
침대수비도로여공공교통병행적경쟁교통계통, 재이질용호적출행시간개치복종균균분포적가설하, 결합공공교통적변제성본정개화평균성본정개책략, 건립 료균형교통모형, 분석료출행자적출행행위. 연구발현, 수착출행자시간개치지간적차이증대, 무론수비수입상교재정환시보첩공교,자가차인수재불동정개책략하차거감소. 진일보, 기우효솔화공평적준칙, 고찰료도로옹제수비수입재분배원칙소도치적계통총출행성본적변화정황, 대사충공교정개화도로수비수입재분배책략진행료대비분석. 연구표명, 당도로수비수입직접보첩급공교출행자시, 비교계통적총출행성본, 평균성본정개책략우우변제성본정개. 종공평각도분석, 당출행용호적시간개치차이불시흔대시, 무론공교채취변제환시평균성본정개책략, 수비수입전부용우보첩공교용호회사득공평성제고. 최후, 산례결과험증료당고정성본족구대시, 수보첩적공교평균성본정개책략시일충교우적책략.
Considering user heterogeneity with different values of time （VOTs）, traffic equilibrium models are presented to investigate commutes＇ travel behavior in a bi-modal transportation system with a mass transit parallel to a toll road. The VOTs of individuals are assumed to follow the continuous uniform distribution, and two types of transit fare are discussed when it is equal to the marginal cost or the average cost. Relative change of modal split after transit subsidy from toll revenue is also examined. The results show that with the increase of the standard deviation of VOT, the differences of highway traffic flow with or without transit subsidy will decrease. Furthermore, the total social costs are compared under four different pricing strategies based on efficiency and equity. The results show that the average cost pricing strategy is superior to the marginal cost pricing at the total social cost after toll revenue redistribution. It is also found that, equity will increase as the standard deviation of VOT decreases, if toll revenue is used to subsidy public transportation. Finally, numerical results are used to verify transit average cost with subsidy is a better strategy when the fixed cost is large enough.
