CAJ | 학술논문

目的：探讨8周亚高原训练对初次高原训练和多次高原训练经历男子赛艇运动员有氧运动能力的影响。方法：16名优秀男子赛艇运动员依据经历高原训练的次数分为A组（多次高原训练经历组,8人）和B组（初次高原训练经历组,8人）,先进行10天HiLo低氧训练,模拟海拔高度为1 200~1 500m。再于海拔1 500 m进行8周亚高原训练。分别于低氧训练前和亚高原训练前、中、后不同时段测定分析运动员有氧运动能力变化,测试指标包括氧转运和氧利用能力相关指标（EPO、Hb、RBC、2,3-DPG）、专项有氧运动能力（测功仪6km、6级递增负荷）。结果：1）8周亚高原训练可有效提高男子赛艇运动员血液载氧能力和组织利用氧能力,但不同组别提高幅度和峰值出现时间不同,具体表现为,低氧训练后或亚高原训练第3d,B组提高更为明显,亚高原训练第2、3周,A组提高更为明显。2）8周亚高原训练后测功仪6km和6级递增负荷测试发现,2组运动员即刻心率、即刻乳酸下降（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,6km总成绩提高（P〈0.01）,B组提高幅度大于A组。两组6km分段平均成绩提高,A组运动员在第6km平均成绩提高幅度大于前5km,B组运动员各阶段提高幅度差异不大。结论：1）初次高原训练的运动员对高原的特殊环境更敏感,得到的刺激强于多次高原训练运动员,但是,其效果消失的也更快。2）8周亚高原训练后,运动员专项有氧运动能力提高。多次高原训练经历运动员提高幅度小于初次高原训练经历运动员,但其高有氧运动能力提高更为明显,初次参加高原训练运动员有氧运动能力发展比较均衡。
목적：탐토8주아고원훈련대초차고원훈련화다차고원훈련경력남자새정운동원유양운동능력적영향。방법：16명우수남자새정운동원의거경력고원훈련적차수분위A조（다차고원훈련경력조,8인）화B조（초차고원훈련경력조,8인）,선진행10천HiLo저양훈련,모의해발고도위1 200~1 500m。재우해발1 500 m진행8주아고원훈련。분별우저양훈련전화아고원훈련전、중、후불동시단측정분석운동원유양운동능력변화,측시지표포괄양전운화양이용능력상관지표（EPO、Hb、RBC、2,3-DPG）、전항유양운동능력（측공의6km、6급체증부하）。결과：1）8주아고원훈련가유효제고남자새정운동원혈액재양능력화조직이용양능력,단불동조별제고폭도화봉치출현시간불동,구체표현위,저양훈련후혹아고원훈련제3d,B조제고경위명현,아고원훈련제2、3주,A조제고경위명현。2）8주아고원훈련후측공의6km화6급체증부하측시발현,2조운동원즉각심솔、즉각유산하강（P〈0.01혹P〈0.05）,6km총성적제고（P〈0.01）,B조제고폭도대우A조。량조6km분단평균성적제고,A조운동원재제6km평균성적제고폭도대우전5km,B조운동원각계단제고폭도차이불대。결론：1）초차고원훈련적운동원대고원적특수배경경민감,득도적자격강우다차고원훈련운동원,단시,기효과소실적야경쾌。2）8주아고원훈련후,운동원전항유양운동능력제고。다차고원훈련경력운동원제고폭도소우초차고원훈련경력운동원,단기고유양운동능력제고경위명현,초차삼가고원훈련운동원유양운동능력발전비교균형。
Objective：To explore the effect of the 8-week sub-altitude training on aerobic capacity of rowing athletes of different altitude training experience. Methods： 16 elite male rowing athletes were selected to divide into group A and group B by experience of altitude training. The veteran is in group A, the others in group B. Both athletes complete 10-day HiLo training at simulated hypoxic altitude of 1200 m to 1500 m. And then they completed 8-week sub-altitude training at the altitude of 1500m. The relative indexes were tested respectively before hypoxic training and at the different periods of sub-altitude training. The indexs include O2 transfer and O2 utilization index, such as EPO, Hb, RBC and 2,3-DPG. The indexs also include special aerobic capacity, such as 6 km dynamometer and 6 grade increasing load test. Results： 1） 8 weeks of altitude training can effectively improve the athletes＇ blood oxygen-carrying capacity and organizational capacity to use oxygen,but different groups to present the mag- nitude and peak at different times. After hypoxic training and sub-altitude training at the first 3 d, group B increase is more obvious, the second and third weeks of sub-altitude training, group A raise more obvious. 2） After 8 weeks altitude training, in 6 km dynamometer and 6 grade increasing load test, immediate HR and BLa level is decrease （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, 6 km result is increase （P〈0.01）. The amount of increase of group B is larger than group A. The average scores of section are both improve. Group A raises their grade point average in the 6 kin magnitude greater than the previous 5 krn. There is no clear each stage improvement in group B. Conclusion： 1 ） Initial altitude training athletes are more sensitive to the special circumstances of the plateau. The resulting stimulus is stronger than multiple altitude training athletes, but its effects disappear faster. 2 ） After 8 weeks plateau training, all athletes improve special aerobic capacity. Multiple altitude training athletes improve by less than the initial alti- tude training athletes, but their higher aerobic capacity increase is more obvious. There is noobvious difference in the development of aerobic capacity of initial altitude training athletes.