CAJ | 학술논문

目的：分析不同水平击剑运动员在弓步动作过程中双侧膝关节生物力学表现的差异,探讨影响弓步速度的生物力学因素。方法：7名优秀击剑运动员和9名一般水平击剑运动员以最快速度完成原地向前的大幅度弓步动作,同步采集、分析运动员弓步速度、后腿蹬地地面反作用力及弓步过程中双侧膝关节的生物力学表现。结果：优秀运动员弓步动作中水平方向重心速度峰值、后腿蹬地地面水平方向反作用力峰值以及后腿伸膝力矩峰值均显著高于一般运动员（P〈0.05）,后腿伸膝功率峰值到达时间显著小于一般运动员（P〈0.05）;弓步启动后所有运动员前腿膝关节先屈后伸,优秀运动员前腿屈膝程度、伸膝角速度峰值均显著低于一般运动员（P〈0.05）,前腿伸膝时间显著大于一般运动员（P〈0.05）。结论：后腿膝关节在弓步过程中的动力学表现是决定击剑运动员弓步速度的主要因素;不同水平击剑运动员弓步动作中后腿蹬地能力的差异导致了前腿膝关节运动学表现的差异;弓步启动时,前腿伸膝之前屈膝程度过大可能会限制弓步距离,同时对弓步落地和出剑选择产生不利影响。
목적：분석불동수평격검운동원재궁보동작과정중쌍측슬관절생물역학표현적차이,탐토영향궁보속도적생물역학인소。방법：7명우수격검운동원화9명일반수평격검운동원이최쾌속도완성원지향전적대폭도궁보동작,동보채집、분석운동원궁보속도、후퇴등지지면반작용력급궁보과정중쌍측슬관절적생물역학표현。결과：우수운동원궁보동작중수평방향중심속도봉치、후퇴등지지면수평방향반작용력봉치이급후퇴신슬력구봉치균현저고우일반운동원（P〈0.05）,후퇴신슬공솔봉치도체시간현저소우일반운동원（P〈0.05）;궁보계동후소유운동원전퇴슬관절선굴후신,우수운동원전퇴굴슬정도、신슬각속도봉치균현저저우일반운동원（P〈0.05）,전퇴신슬시간현저대우일반운동원（P〈0.05）。결론：후퇴슬관절재궁보과정중적동역학표현시결정격검운동원궁보속도적주요인소;불동수평격검운동원궁보동작중후퇴등지능력적차이도치료전퇴슬관절운동학표현적차이;궁보계동시,전퇴신슬지전굴슬정도과대가능회한제궁보거리,동시대궁보락지화출검선택산생불리영향。
Objective：To investigate the kinetic and kinematic difference of knees and their contribution to the speed in fencing lunges in athletes of different levels. Methods： 7 elite fencers （EF） and 9 medium-level fencers （MF） were asked to perform long-distance lunges at their fastest possible speed. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of knees, horizontal velocity of center of gravity （HV）, ground reaction force （GRF） of the lunges were recorded and then analyzed using Visual3D. Result： EF group showed significantly higher peak HV, horizontal peak GRF of rear leg and peak joint moment of rear knee joint than MF group （P〈0.05） during lunge;Both EF and MF group flexed their leading knee prior to extension in the initia- tion phase of a lunge. However, EF group showed significantly smaller initial flexion angle with higher peak extension angular velocity in leading knee compared to MF group （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions ： EF group can reach higher lunge speed which is closely related to the kinetic variables of rear knee during lunge. The different kinematic performance of leading knees is determined by GRF produced by rear leg. A large flexion of the leading knee prior to extension in initiation phase of a lunge might restrict lunge distance, influence decision-making of fencers and have adverse effect in landing and brake phase.